Genome-Wide Analysis Elucidates the Role of

Area of Science:

• Plant Molecular Biology
• Genomics
• Cotton Genetics

Background:

• The CONSTANS (CO)-like gene family regulates plant flowering time but its role in cotton is largely unknown.
• Understanding CO-like genes is crucial for cotton improvement and agricultural applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the CO-like gene family in cotton.
• To elucidate the evolutionary mechanisms and potential functions of cotton CO-like genes.

Main Methods:

• Genome-wide analysis of CO-like genes in cotton.
• Phylogenetic tree construction to group CO-like genes.
• Analysis of gene duplication events (segmental and whole genome duplication).
• Identification of associated transposable elements (Long-terminal repeat retroelements).
• Analysis of genetic diversity and selection pressure.
• Gene expression analysis in different cotton tissues.

Main Results:

• Cotton CO-like genes were classified into three main phylogenetic groups.
• Gene expansion was driven by segmental and whole genome duplication, especially in Group III.
• Long-terminal repeat retroelements were associated with 18 CO-like genes.
• GhCOL12_Dt showed low diversity, suggesting a role in domestication.
• Relaxed purifying selection influenced the evolution of these genes in upland cotton.
• High expression in torus and calycle suggests a role in flowering.
• Group II and Group III genes (involved in duplication) may be involved in drought and salt stress responses.

Conclusions:

• This study provides a foundational understanding of the CO-like gene family in cotton.
• The findings facilitate further research into the specific functions of these genes in cotton development and stress adaptation.
• CO-like genes are key targets for future genetic improvement in cotton breeding programs.