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Related Concept Videos

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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Hormones can be classified into three main types based on their chemical structures: steroids, peptides, and amines. Their actions are mediated by the specific receptors they bind to on target cells.
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Types of Hormones01:21

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Hormones are classified into four main groups: steroids, eicosanoids, amino acid-based derivatives, and peptide hormones.
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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
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The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
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Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse
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Antenatal steroids and thyroid hormone function in preterm infants.

Dinushan C Kaluarachchi1, Qianqian Zhao2, Tarah T Colaizy3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. kaluarachchi@pediatrics.wisc.edu.

Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association
|September 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antenatal steroids (ANS) improve thyroid function in preterm infants. Infants not receiving complete ANS courses were more likely to experience thyroid dysfunction compared to those receiving complete courses.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Antenatal steroids (ANS) are commonly administered to mothers at risk of preterm delivery.
  • Limited evidence exists regarding the impact of ANS on thyroid hormone function in preterm infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of antenatal steroids on thyroid hormone function in preterm infants.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study including preterm infants born before 30 weeks gestation.
  • Infants categorized into no ANS, partial ANS, and complete ANS groups.
  • Comparison of thyroid function tests at day 30 of life.

Main Results:

  • A higher proportion of infants in the no ANS and partial ANS groups required levothyroxine (LT4) treatment compared to the complete ANS group.
  • Infants in the no ANS group showed a greater likelihood of elevated TSH levels (TSH > 6 μIU/mL) and LT4 initiation.

Conclusions:

  • Preterm infants exposed to no ANS are at a higher risk of developing thyroid dysfunction compared to those who received a complete ANS course.