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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
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Memory formation in cyclically deformed amorphous solids and sphere assemblies.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Amorphous solids exhibit memory effects related to applied shear deformation.
  • Previous work demonstrated encoding and retrieval of shear deformation amplitudes in these systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate different read protocols for retrieving stored memories in amorphous solids.
  • To explore the conditions under which multiple memories can be non-transiently stored.
  • To compare memory encoding mechanisms in model amorphous solids and sphere assemblies.

Main Methods:

  • Simulating amorphous solids under athermal cyclic shear deformation.
  • Analyzing memory retrieval using various protocols and measurements.
  • Studying low-density sphere assemblies as models for non-Brownian colloidal suspensions.
  • Investigating the role of local energy minima transitions and loop reversibility.

Main Results:

  • Single and multiple memories can be robustly retrieved through different protocols.
  • Larger amplitude shear deformations irreversibly erase stored memories.
  • A regime with memory encoding signatures similar to model glasses was identified in sphere assemblies, even without energy minima transitions.
  • This regime is characterized by loop reversibility, not point reversibility.

Conclusions:

  • Model amorphous solids exhibit robust memory encoding and retrieval capabilities.
  • The ability to store multiple non-transient memories is linked to energy landscape dynamics.
  • Loop reversibility in sphere assemblies provides an alternative mechanism for memory encoding, relevant to non-Brownian systems.