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Related Concept Videos

Cytoplasm01:16

Cytoplasm

89.6K
The cytoplasm consists of organelles and a framework of protein scaffolds called the cytoskeleton suspended in an aqueous solution, the cytosol. The cytosol is a rich broth of water, ions, salts, and various organic molecules.
Protein Folding and Misfolding
The cytoplasm is the location for several cellular processes, including protein synthesis and folding. The aqueous nature of the cytosol promotes protein folding such that the hydrophobic amino acid side chains are buried in the protein...
89.6K
Cytoplasm01:24

Cytoplasm

8.3K
The cytoplasm consists of organelles and a framework of protein scaffolds called the cytoskeleton suspended in an aqueous solution, the cytosol. The cytosol is a rich broth of water, ions, salts, and various organic molecules.
Protein Folding and Misfolding
The cytoplasm is the location for several cellular processes, including protein synthesis and folding. The aqueous nature of the cytosol promotes protein folding such that the hydrophobic amino acid side chains are buried in the protein...
8.3K
Distribution of Cytoplasmic Content02:33

Distribution of Cytoplasmic Content

4.7K
Cytokinesis segregates a cell’s chromosomes and organelles into its daughter cells. Organelles divide and grow prior to cell division but cannot be synthesized de novo; therefore, cells must receive at least one copy of each organelle to survive. Currently, many of the details of how the organelles are distributed are not yet fully elucidated.
Distribution of cytoplasmic determinants
The cytoplasm contains various organelles, as well as salts, proteins, and water. The distribution of...
4.7K
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

7.0K
In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
7.0K
Secondary Active Transport01:55

Secondary Active Transport

138.0K
One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
138.0K
Non-nuclear Inheritance01:29

Non-nuclear Inheritance

23.3K
Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm⁠—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria⁠—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
23.3K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Activation of Apoptosis by Cytoplasmic Microinjection of Cytochrome c
07:42

Activation of Apoptosis by Cytoplasmic Microinjection of Cytochrome c

Published on: June 29, 2011

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Cytoplasmic p27

Olivier Calvayrac1, Ada Nowosad2, Stéphanie Cabantous1

  • 1Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, CNRS ERL5294, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.

The Journal of Pathology
|September 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cytoplasmic p27Kip1 promotes lung cancer by inhibiting the tumor suppressor RhoB. This interaction, identified in mouse models and human lung tumors, suggests p27 localization and RhoB levels are key prognostic markers for non-small cell lung carcinoma.

Keywords:
RhoBlung cancernon-small cell lung carcinomap27/Kip1transgenic mice

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip1 (p27) typically acts as a tumor suppressor in the nucleus.
  • Cytoplasmic localization of p27 can promote tumorigenesis through poorly understood mechanisms, particularly in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).
  • Oncogenic pathways like Ras and PI3K/AKT can trigger p27 relocalization to the cytoplasm.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms by which cytoplasmic p27 contributes to the development of NSCLC.
  • To determine if p27's oncogenic role involves interactions with other tumor suppressor proteins.
  • To evaluate the prognostic significance of p27 localization and RhoB expression in NSCLC patients.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genetically modified mouse models to assess the relationship between p27 and RhoB in lung tumorigenesis.
  • Performed molecular and genetic analyses to investigate p27-RhoB interactions.
  • Analyzed a cohort of human NSCLC patient tumors for p27 localization and RhoB expression.

Main Results:

  • Provided evidence that cytoplasmic p27's oncogenic activity is mediated by the inhibition of the tumor suppressor GTPase RhoB.
  • Observed that RhoB expression is lost in p27-deficient tumors but maintained in tumors with wild-type or non-inhibitory p27 mutants.
  • Found that cytoplasmic p27, RhoB expression, and decreased patient survival are significantly associated in NSCLC.

Conclusions:

  • Cytoplasmic p27 inhibits the tumor suppressor RhoB, contributing to NSCLC development.
  • p27 localization and RhoB expression levels serve as a powerful prognostic marker for NSCLC patients.
  • Targeting the p27-RhoB interaction may offer therapeutic strategies for NSCLC.