Highly efficient and stable semi-transparent perovskite solar modules with a trilayer anode electrode

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Renewable Energy
• Solid-State Physics

Background:

• Perovskite solar cells offer high power conversion efficiencies.
• Semi-transparent and bifacial designs enhance light harvesting.
• Stability and efficient charge extraction remain key challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop highly efficient and stable semi-transparent perovskite photovoltaic cells for bifacial illumination.
• To investigate the role of a novel anode electrode and hole-transport material.
• To assess the device performance and long-term stability.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of semi-transparent perovskite solar cells using an ITO/MoOx bilayer anode and a cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b']dithiophene (CT) based hole-transport material (HTM).
• Characterization using atomic-force microscopy, transmittance spectra, and water-droplet contact angle measurements.
• Performance testing under simulated sunlight for power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability testing under humid conditions.

Main Results:

• Achieved highest PCE of 16.38% for bifacial perovskite solar cells (0.16 cm2) and 14.96% for modules (11.7 cm2).
• Demonstrated the effectiveness of the MoOx layer as an electron blocking and passivation layer.
• Showcased long-term stability with PCE remaining around 11% for over 700 hours under 70 ± 5% relative humidity.

Conclusions:

• The ITO/MoOx bilayer anode and CT-based HTM enable highly efficient and stable semi-transparent bifacial perovskite solar cells.
• Interfacial contact between MoOx and HTL critically impacts device performance (JSC and FF).
• The developed perovskite solar modules exhibit promising stability for practical applications.