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Context-dependent tactile texture-sensitivity in monkey M1 and S1 cortex.

Wan Jiang1, François Tremblay1,2, C Elaine Chapman1

  • 1Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central and Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal , Montréal, Quebec , Canada.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|September 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary motor cortex (M1) neurons show texture sensitivity, but this is suppressed during a texture discrimination task. Tactile inputs to M1 are selectively gated when not relevant for motor control.

Keywords:
area 4primary somatosensory cortextask dependencetexture discrimination

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Neuroscience
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Primary motor cortex (M1) receives cutaneous input, but its role in encoding complex tactile details during behavior is unclear.
  • Understanding sensory processing in M1 is crucial for deciphering motor control mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the sensitivity of M1 neurons to textured stimuli during a texture discrimination task and a no-task condition.
  • To compare the texture-related activity in M1 with that of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1).

Main Methods:

  • Recordings from M1 and S1 neurons in Macaca mulatta monkeys performing a texture discrimination task.
  • Stimulation with textured surfaces (smooth/rough, rough/rougher) under task and no-task conditions.

Main Results:

  • M1 neurons showed significant modulation during surface scanning in the task (88%), but few were texture-related (24%).
  • In contrast, 44% of M1 neurons were texture-related in the no-task condition.
  • S1 neurons were more texture-related during the task (57%) compared to M1, suggesting selective suppression of tactile input to M1 during task engagement.

Conclusions:

  • Tactile inputs to M1 are selectively suppressed when not behaviorally relevant, likely via a top-down gating mechanism.
  • S1 neurons remain sensitive to task-relevant sensory details, indicating differential processing between sensory and motor cortices during tasks.
  • This study highlights the dynamic gating of sensory information to M1 based on behavioral relevance for motor control.