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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
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What is Natural Selection?01:32

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Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Determination of the Mating Efficiency of Haploids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Haploids, polymorphisms and fluctuating selection.

Antony M Dean1

  • 1Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States; BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States.

Theoretical Population Biology
|September 13, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fluctuating selection and frequency-dependent effects promote genetic polymorphism in finite populations. Different population models show distinct impacts of selection, with some promoting diversity more effectively than others.

Keywords:
Diffusion approximationFluctuating selectionGenic selectionHaploid/clonal polymorphism

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Population Genetics
  • Mathematical Biology

Background:

  • Understanding the maintenance of genetic diversity is crucial in evolutionary biology.
  • Finite population size and selection dynamics significantly influence allele frequency changes.
  • Previous models often simplified the interplay between different selection types and mutation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the combined effects of directional and fluctuating selection with reversible mutation in finite populations.
  • To compare the outcomes of Moran and chemostat diffusion models with the Wright-Fisher model.
  • To determine how selection dynamics and environmental fluctuations impact genetic polymorphism.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized diffusion approximations for Moran and chemostat models in haploid populations.
  • Analyzed the joint impact of directional selection, fluctuating selection, and reversible mutation.
  • Employed individual-based forward simulations to validate theoretical calculations.

Main Results:

  • Fluctuating selection's dispersive effect varies across models, impacting polymorphism differently.
  • Moran and chemostat models show enhanced polymorphism promotion compared to Wright-Fisher, especially with rapid fluctuations.
  • Frequency-dependent selection increases the probability of new allele fixation, with varying efficacy across models.

Conclusions:

  • The Moran and chemostat models offer more realistic insights into polymorphism maintenance under fluctuating selection than the Wright-Fisher model.
  • Rapid environmental fluctuations are highly effective in promoting polymorphism in large populations.
  • While trade-offs can aid polymorphism, they are not strictly necessary for its promotion.