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Related Concept Videos

Competition02:34

Competition

24.9K
When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.
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Muscles of the Vertebral Column01:27

Muscles of the Vertebral Column

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The back muscles that lie deep into the thoracolumbar fascia are called intrinsic or true back muscles. These muscles are divided into four layers: superficial, intermediate, deep, and deepest layers.
Superficial Layer:
The superficial layer consists primarily of the splenius muscles, which include the splenius capitis and splenius cervicis. These muscles are mainly responsible for the head and cervical spine movements, including extension, rotation, and lateral bending. The splenius capitis...
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Articulations of the Vertebral Column01:28

Articulations of the Vertebral Column

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In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the superior and inferior articular processes called zygapophysial joints (facet joints). These are plane joints that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae. The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each...
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Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature01:16

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature

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The vertebral column or spine is a flexible column that supports the head, neck, and body and  allows for their movements. It also protects the spinal cord.
Regions of the Vertebral Column
In an adult, the spine is subdivided into five regions: the cervical, the thoracic, the lumbar, the sacral, and the coccygeal region. The spine initially develops as a series of 33 vertebrae; after 20 years of age, the nine bones in the sacral region, five sacral, and four coccygeal bones fuse to form...
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Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation01:10

Zygotic Development And Stem Cell Formation

6.8K
The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacokinetics01:11

Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacokinetics

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All neuromuscular blocking agents are injected intravenously because they are poorly absorbed from the GI tract. Rapid onset is achieved with intravenous administration, although absorption is also adequate from an intramuscular injection. Since these agents are highly ionized, they do not readily penetrate cell membranes or cross the blood-brain barrier.
Instead, they are transported by the blood to different tissues. Muscles with a greater blood supply (arteries) and blood flow receive more...
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Author Spotlight: Investigating the Mechanisms of Neural Circuit Assembly and Synapse Formation in Drosophila
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Cell competition in development: information from flies and vertebrates.

Esha Madan1, Rajan Gogna1, Eduardo Moreno1

  • 1Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal.

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
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Cell competition eliminates less fit cells, crucial for development and health. Recent advances reveal mechanisms like fitness fingerprints and death receptors in vertebrate oncogenesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Cell competition is a conserved mechanism where cells assess and eliminate less fit neighbors.
  • This process is vital for embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and aging.
  • Dysregulation is implicated in various diseases, including cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding cell competition mechanisms.
  • To summarize the role of cell competition in vertebrate oncogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on cell competition.
  • Analysis of emerging pathways and mechanisms involved in fitness sensing.

Main Results:

  • Identified key mechanisms: fitness fingerprints, death receptors, mechanical cell competition, and novel signaling pathways.
  • Highlighted the growing evidence for cell competition's role in regulating cancer development.

Conclusions:

  • Cell competition is a fundamental biological process with significant implications for health and disease.
  • Further research into cell competition mechanisms can offer new insights into cancer prevention and treatment.