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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

A Scalable Balz-Schiemann Reaction Protocol in a Continuous Flow Reactor

A Scalable Balz-Schiemann Reaction Protocol in a Continuous Flow Reactor

Published on: February 10, 2023

Co

Ruixia Yuan¹, Lin Hu², Peng Yu³

¹Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.

|September 14, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A novel 3D porous cobalt oxide/nitrogen-doped graphene aerogel effectively degrades Acid Orange 7 using peroxymonosulfate activation. This stable, recyclable catalyst offers efficient pollutant removal with sulfate radical dominance.

Keywords:

Cobalt oxide Graphene aerogel Nitrogen doping Peroxymonosulfate Sulfate radical

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Environmental Chemistry
Catalysis

Background:

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are crucial for degrading persistent organic pollutants.
Heterogeneous catalysts offer advantages in separation and reusability over homogeneous systems.
Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation is a promising AOP for water treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a 3D porous cobalt oxide/nitrogen-doped graphene aerogel (Co3O4/NGA) hybrid catalyst.
To investigate its efficiency in heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for organic pollutant degradation.
To understand the degradation mechanism and identify key active species.

Main Methods:

Hydrothermal and freeze-drying methods for catalyst synthesis.
Characterization using SEM, XRD, XPS, Raman, and FTIR spectroscopy.
Degradation experiments of Acid Orange 7 (AO7) under varying conditions, kinetic modeling, ESR, and quenching tests.

Main Results:

Co3O4/NGA with 7.6% nitrogen doping showed excellent catalytic activity, achieving near-complete AO7 removal in 30 minutes.
Optimal degradation occurred with moderate PMS, higher temperature, and lower pH.
The catalyst demonstrated high stability, recyclability, and easy separation.
Sulfate radicals were identified as the dominant active species in AO7 degradation.

Conclusions:

The Co3O4/NGA hybrid catalyst efficiently activates PMS for AO7 degradation.
Synergistic effects between Co3O4 nanocrystals and nitrogen-doped graphene contribute to high efficiency.
This work presents a promising recyclable catalyst design for PMS activation with dual active sites and good stability.