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How does estrogen work on autophagy?

Jin Xiang1, Xiang Liu1, Jing Ren1

  • 1a Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan , PR China.

Autophagy
|September 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Estrogen signaling intricately regulates autophagy, crucial for cellular balance. This review clarifies how estrogenic effectors, receptors, and epigenetic factors modulate autophagy, impacting cell fate and estrogen-related diseases.

Keywords:
AutophagyTFscancercell homeostasisestrogenhistone modificationsmiRNAsreceptors of estrogen

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Endocrinology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Macroautophagy/autophagy is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and quality control.
  • Estrogenic effectors are known to influence autophagy, but their precise modulatory roles, particularly for 17β-estradiol (E2), remain inconsistently reported.
  • Understanding the interplay between estrogen signaling and autophagy is critical for developing effective treatments for estrogen-related cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current knowledge on how estrogenic effectors impact autophagy.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms involving estrogen receptors, transcription factors, miRNAs, and histone modifications in regulating autophagy.
  • To present a hypothetical model illustrating the complex estrogenic regulation of autophagy and its effect on cell fate.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of studies on estrogen and autophagy.
  • Analysis of estrogen receptor subcellular localization and translocation.
  • Examination of autophagy-related transcription factors, miRNAs, and histone modifications influenced by E2.

Main Results:

  • Estrogen signaling involves complex crosstalk with autophagy, leading to opposing functional actions.
  • Estrogen can simultaneously promote and limit autophagy, maintaining it within a restricted range.
  • Multiple regulatory layers, including receptors, transcription factors, and epigenetic modifications, are involved in estrogen's modulation of autophagy.

Conclusions:

  • The intricate network of estrogen signaling provides a dynamic regulation of autophagy, balancing its pro- and anti-autophagic effects.
  • A deeper understanding of estrogen-autophagy crosstalk is vital for deciphering disease mechanisms and designing targeted therapies for estrogen-related conditions.
  • Further research into this complex signaling network may reveal novel therapeutic strategies for breast cancer and other estrogen-dependent diseases.