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Complement System01:27

Complement System

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

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A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
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Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Humoral Immune Responses01:36

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Overview
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DNA-only Transposons02:57

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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Translational Orthotopic Models of Glioblastoma Multiforme
07:37

Translational Orthotopic Models of Glioblastoma Multiforme

Published on: February 17, 2023

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The complement system in glioblastoma multiforme.

T A M Bouwens van der Vlis1,2,3, J M Kros4, D A M Mustafa3

  • 1Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015, GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Acta Neuropathologica Communications
|September 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The human complement system impacts glioma stem-like cells (GSC) in brain tumors. Further research into this innate immunity arm could reveal new glioblastoma treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neuro-oncology
  • Cell biology

Background:

  • The human complement system is a key part of innate immunity with a complex role in cancer.
  • Glioma stem-like cells (GSC) drive glioblastoma (GBM) growth and self-renewal within tumor niches.
  • Emerging evidence suggests the complement system influences GSC maintenance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of the complement system in glial tumorigenesis.
  • To investigate the complement system's influence on GSC niches and maintenance.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets within the complement system for GBM treatment.

Main Methods:

  • This study reviews existing data on the complement system and GSCs in glioblastoma.
  • Analysis of current literature on complement pathways and their interaction with glioma stem cells.
  • Exploration of potential therapeutic strategies targeting complement in GBM.

Main Results:

  • The complement system plays a significant, though not fully understood, role in glioblastoma.
  • Evidence indicates complement influences the maintenance of glioma stem-like cells.
  • Specific complement interactions within GSC niches are crucial for tumor progression.

Conclusions:

  • The complement system's role in glial tumorigenesis, particularly concerning GSC maintenance, is significant.
  • Targeting the complement system presents a promising avenue for novel glioblastoma therapies.
  • Further investigation is warranted to fully elucidate and exploit complement-GSC interactions for therapeutic benefit.