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Nasal Wipes for Influenza A Virus Detection and Isolation from Swine
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Characterization of a Swine (

Patrick C Ng1, Tara B Hendry-Hofer2, Alyssa E Witeof2

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Researchers developed a new swine model for oral cyanide poisoning to test antidotes. This model shows dose-dependent toxicity, with lower doses leading to slower apnea and longer survival, aiding future medical countermeasure development.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cyanide is a lethal poison, with oral exposure posing significant risks.
  • Current treatments for oral cyanide poisoning lack specific antidotes, and human studies are not feasible.
  • A reliable animal model is crucial for developing effective medical countermeasures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish and validate a large animal model for oral cyanide toxicity using swine.
  • To assess the dose-dependent effects of potassium cyanide (KCN) exposure in this model.
  • To provide a platform for evaluating potential antidotes for oral cyanide poisoning.

Main Methods:

  • Six female swine (45-55 kg) were anesthetized, intubated, and instrumented.
  • Animals received oral KCN at doses of 5 mg/kg or 8 mg/kg via orogastric tube.
  • Key physiological parameters including time to apnea, survival, blood gases, and lactate were monitored.

Main Results:

  • The 5 mg/kg KCN group exhibited a faster time to apnea (5.1 ± 2.1 min) and longer survival (48.5 ± 38.1 min) compared to the 8 mg/kg group.
  • All animals displayed signs of cyanide toxicity, including acidemia, hyperlactatemia, hypotension, and apnea.
  • A dose-dependent relationship was observed between KCN dose, time to death, and survival rate.

Conclusions:

  • A large animal swine model effectively replicates oral cyanide poisoning with dose-dependent outcomes.
  • This validated model is suitable for preclinical evaluation of medical countermeasures against oral cyanide toxicity.
  • The model offers a critical tool for advancing research into cyanide poisoning treatments.