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Strike-slip 23 January 2018 M

Anne Krabbenhoeft1, Roland von Huene2, John J Miller3

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The 2018 Gulf of Alaska earthquake, a rare large intra-oceanic strike-slip event, ruptured a complex fracture zone system. Stress transfer from the 1964 megathrust earthquake likely triggered this unusual multi-fault rupture.

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Seismology
  • Tectonics

Background:

  • Large intraplate earthquakes in oceanic lithosphere are infrequent, typically associated with diffuse deformation zones.
  • The 2018 MW 7.9 Gulf of Alaska earthquake occurred on an oceanic fracture zone offshore Kodiak Island.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the rupture process and complex faulting behavior of the 2018 Gulf of Alaska earthquake.
  • To propose a generalized model for large intra-oceanic strike-slip earthquakes near subduction zones.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized bathymetric data, magnetic anomaly identification, and vertical gravity gradient analysis to map the fracture zone system.
  • Employed seismic back-projection from global stations to determine rupture propagation.
  • Analyzed aftershock distribution and focal mechanisms to understand fault interactions.

Main Results:

  • The earthquake involved multi-fault rupture, initially propagating north and then eastward along the Aka fracture zone.
  • Aftershocks occurred along both N-S oceanic fabric and E-W fracture zones, exhibiting diverse slip mechanisms.
  • The event's complexity suggests a link to stress transfer from the 1964 megathrust earthquake.

Conclusions:

  • The study proposes a generalized model for trench-oblique intra-oceanic strike-slip earthquakes.
  • Stress transfer from the 1964 earthquake's co- and post-seismic processes is implicated in the 2018 event's significant moment release.