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Related Concept Videos

The Contractile Ring02:15

The Contractile Ring

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Contractile rings are composed of microfilaments and are responsible for separating the daughter cells during cytokinesis. Contractile ring assembly proceeds along with other cell cycle events; however, very few mechanistic details are known about the timing and coordination of the contractile rings with the cell cycle.
A small GTPase, RhoA, controls the function and assembly of the contractile ring. RhoA belongs to the Ras superfamily of proteins. The activation of formins by RhoA promotes...
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Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output01:19

Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output

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Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
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Cardiac output adapts to metabolic demands during stress, physical activity, or illness. The autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate via the sinoatrial node. The parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart...
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The Cardiac Cycle01:13

The Cardiac Cycle

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The heart beats rhythmically in a sequence called the cardiac cycle—a rapid coordination of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole).
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Electrical signals—sent from the sinoatrial (SA) node in the right atrial wall to the atrioventricular (AV) node between the right atrium and right ventricle—cause both atria to simultaneously contract. When the signal reaches the AV node, it pauses for approximately a tenth of a second, allowing the atria to contract and...
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Cardiac Cycle01:29

Cardiac Cycle

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The cardiac cycle refers to the sequence of events that occur in the heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the next. It's characterized by alternating periods of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of the heart muscles.
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Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

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Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Evaluation of Cardiac Contractility Modulation Therapy in 2D Human Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes
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Evaluation of Cardiac Contractility Modulation Therapy in 2D Human Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes

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[Cardiac contractility modulation].

J Kuschyk1, B Rudic2, M Borggrefe2

  • 1I. Medizinische Klinik, Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland. juergen.kuschyk@umm.de.

Der Internist
|September 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) offers a novel electrical therapy for heart failure. This treatment enhances left ventricular contraction strength, improving patient quality of life and exercise tolerance.

Keywords:
Cardioverter defibrillators, implantableExercise toleranceHeart failureNarrow QRSQuality of life

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Chronic heart insufficiency is a growing concern.
  • Drug-refractory heart failure requires advanced treatment options.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current status and evidence for Cardiac Contractility Modulation (CCM).
  • To highlight CCM's role as an additive electrical therapy for heart failure.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing clinical data and published trials on CCM.
  • Analysis of device implantation numbers and guideline inclusions.

Main Results:

  • Over 3500 CCM devices implanted globally.
  • CCM enhances left ventricular contraction and improves quality of life.
  • CCM is approved in Germany for specific heart failure patients.

Conclusions:

  • CCM is an emerging, guideline-referenced therapy for heart failure.
  • Further data from ongoing trials and registries will clarify prognostic benefits.
  • FDA approval is anticipated soon, expanding CCM accessibility.