Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Cutoff Value of Phase Angle by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis at Admission as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Heart Failure
Published on: June 10, 2025
Primary parotid carcinoma: analysis of risk factors and validation of a prognostic index
Alberto Paderno1, Michele Tomasoni1, Davide Mattavelli1
1Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili 1, 25100, Brescia, Italy.
Objectives:
Primary cancer of the parotid gland (PG) is a rare disease characterized by a wide variety of histologies and subtypes. The aim of the study was to identify factors influencing survival and validate the prognostic scores (PS1 and PS2) by Vander Poorten et al. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study.
Methods:
All patients with previously untreated PG epithelial malignancies who underwent surgery with curative intent from 2002 to 2015 at a single center were retrospectively reviewed.
Results:
104 patients were included. Mean age was 60.2 years (range 14-88). Definitive pT staging was: 26 (25%) pT1, 19 (18.3%) pT2, 15 (14.4%) pT3, 41 (39.4%) pT4a, and 3 (2.9%) pT4b. Lateral neck nodal metastases were diagnosed in 27 (26%) patients. Five- and 10-year overall survival was 74.7% and 69.4%, respectively. Disease-specific survival at 5 and 10 years was 80.4% and 76.5%, respectively. Recurrence-free survival at 5 and 10 years was 66.9%. PS-1 and PS-2 scores correlated with prognosis. The most critical prognostic variables were grading, nodal metastases, perineural infiltration, lympho-vascular invasion, and skin infiltration.
Conclusions:
Major risk factors in primary PG carcinomas can effectively identify high-risk patients. The prognostic score by Vander Poorten et al. is a highly reliable tool to predict the prognostic profile.
Related Concept Videos
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
Reliability and Validity
Relative Risk
Data Validation
Key parameters for method validation include:
Data Validation
Nursing assessment guides are generally based on holistic models rather than medical...
Transcription Factors

