Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Parity and use-effectiveness with the contraceptive sponge.

S L McIntyre, J E Higgins

    American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
    |October 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Related Concept Videos

    You might also read

    Related Articles

    Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

    Sort by
    Same author

    Comparison of clinical evaluation of genitourinary symptoms in female adolescents among primary care versus emergency department physicians.

    Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology·2009
    Same author

    Transitions in morphology, nematocyst distribution, fluid motions, and prey capture during development of the scyphomedusa Cyanea capillata.

    The Biological bulletin·2008
    Same author

    Comparison of Alora estradiol matrix transdermal delivery system with oral conjugated equine estrogen therapy in relieving menopausal symptoms. Alora Study Group.

    Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society·2002
    Same author

    Violence in A&E departments: a systematic review of the literature.

    Accident and emergency nursing·2002
    Same author

    Experience with routine voluntary perinatal human immunodeficiency virus testing in an inner city hospital.

    The Pediatric infectious disease journal·2001
    Same author

    Relation between single tomographic intravascular ultrasound image parameters and intracoronary Doppler flow velocity in patients with intermediately severe coronary stenoses.

    American heart journal·1998

    The Today contraceptive sponge is less effective overall than the diaphragm. However, for women who have never given birth (nulliparous), the sponge is equally effective as a barrier method.

    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Health
    • Contraceptive Technology
    • Clinical Effectiveness Studies

    Background:

    • The Today contraceptive sponge and diaphragm are barrier methods of contraception.
    • Previous studies have suggested varying effectiveness rates for different contraceptive methods.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the 1-year effectiveness of the Today contraceptive sponge versus the diaphragm.
    • To investigate the influence of user characteristics, specifically parity, on the effectiveness of these methods.

    Main Methods:

    • A randomized United States study was conducted.
    • Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess effectiveness and user characteristics.
    • Life-table rates were calculated to determine pregnancy risk over one year.
    Keywords:
    AmericasBarrier MethodsComparative StudiesContraceptionContraceptive EffectivenessContraceptive MethodsDemographic FactorsDeveloped CountriesDeveloping CountriesEvaluationFamily PlanningFertilityFertility MeasurementsNorth AmericaNorthern AmericaParityPopulationPopulation DynamicsResearch MethodologyResearch ReportStatistical StudiesStudiesUnited StatesUse-effectivenessVaginal Barrier MethodsVaginal DiaphragmVaginal Sponge

    Related Experiment Videos

    Main Results:

    • The overall 1-year effectiveness rate for the sponge was 17.4 pregnancies per 100 women, compared to 12.9 for the diaphragm (p=0.01).
    • Parity was a significant determinant of sponge effectiveness; nulliparous women had a 13.9% pregnancy rate, while parous women had a 28.3% rate.
    • Parity did not significantly impact diaphragm effectiveness (12.8% for nulliparous, 13.4% for parous).
    • For nulliparous women, the sponge and diaphragm showed comparable effectiveness (p=0.45).

    Conclusions:

    • The overall comparison of contraceptive sponge and diaphragm effectiveness is misleading due to the significant impact of parity.
    • The Today contraceptive sponge is as effective as the diaphragm for nulliparous women.
    • Parous women using the contraceptive sponge have a significantly higher risk of pregnancy compared to diaphragm users.