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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.7K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

17.9K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

16.2K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
16.2K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

20.1K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
20.1K
Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids02:26

Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids

55.3K
Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
55.3K
Energy Bands in Solids01:01

Energy Bands in Solids

2.0K
Isolated atoms have discrete energy levels that are well described by the Bohr model. And, it quantifies the energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom as En. Higher quantum numbers 'n' yield less negative, closer electron energy levels.
 Band Formation:
When atoms are brought close together, as in a solid, these discrete energy levels begin to split due to the overlap of electron orbitals from adjacent atoms. This split occurs because of the Pauli exclusion principle, which states...
2.0K

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Author Spotlight: Advancing Pathogen Detection and Disease Assessment in Real-Time Using M-ROSE
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Pathogen Detection and Disease Assessment in Real-Time Using M-ROSE

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Highlights in solid transplant infectious diseases 2015-2017.

J Tiago Silva, F López-Medrano1, J M Aguado

  • 1Francisco López Medrano, Unit of Infectious Diseases. Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre". Centro de Actividades Ambulatorias, 2ª planta, bloque D. Avda. de Córdoba, s/n. Postal Code 28041. Madrid, Spain. flmedrano@yahoo.es.

Revista Espanola De Quimioterapia : Publicacion Oficial De La Sociedad Espanola De Quimioterapia
|September 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Solid organ transplant recipients face higher infection risks from immunosuppressants. This review covers recent advances in managing bacterial, viral, and fungal infections and predictive assays.

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Murine Corneal Transplantation: A Model to Study the Most Common Form of Solid Organ Transplantation
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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Transplantation Medicine

Background:

  • Solid organ transplant recipients require lifelong immunosuppression, increasing susceptibility to infections.
  • Infections pose a significant threat to graft survival and patient outcomes in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent (2015-2017) advances in bacterial, viral, and fungal infections in solid organ transplant recipients.
  • To discuss updated immunological assays for predicting infection risk.
  • To summarize current clinical guidelines for infection management in this cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of publications from 2015-2017.
  • Analysis of studies on novel diagnostic and prognostic tools.
  • Evaluation of updated clinical practice guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in understanding and managing infections in transplant recipients.
  • Emergence of advanced immunological assays for risk stratification.
  • Refinement of clinical guidelines to improve patient care.

Conclusions:

  • Recent advances have enhanced the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infections in solid organ transplant recipients.
  • Immunological assays offer promising tools for personalized risk assessment.
  • Adherence to updated guidelines is crucial for optimizing clinical care and patient outcomes.