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Monika E Czerwińska1, Matthias F Melzig2

  • 1Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

Frontiers in Pharmacology
|September 14, 2018
PubMed
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This review compares phytochemicals in Cornus mas and Cornus officinalis fruits, revealing shared compounds like iridoids and flavonoids, alongside unique constituents. These compounds explain their traditional medicinal uses, including antidiabetic and hepatoprotective effects.

Area of Science:

  • Phytochemistry
  • Ethnobotany
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cornus mas (cornelian cherry) and Cornus officinalis (Asiatic dogwood) are distinct taxa with independent ethnopharmacological histories.
  • While C. mas fruits are studied for edibility, detailed phytochemical comparisons with C. officinalis fruits are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the phytochemical profiles of C. mas and C. officinalis fruits.
  • To correlate phytochemical differences with their respective biological activities and traditional therapeutic uses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of phytochemical analyses of C. mas and C. officinalis fruits.
  • Comparative analysis of identified secondary metabolites (iridoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins).
  • Review of studies on the biological activities of extracts from both species.
Keywords:
Cornus masCornus officinaliscornel dogwoodcornelian cherrytraditional Chinese medicine

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Main Results:

  • Both species' fruits contain iridoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, and flavonoids.
  • C. officinalis fruits show higher levels of certain iridoids (e.g., morroniside) and tannins.
  • Shared activities include antidiabetic and hepatoprotective effects; C. mas shows antihyperlipidemic/anticoagulant properties, while C. officinalis exhibits antiosteoporotic/immunomodulatory effects.

Conclusions:

  • Phytochemical profiles of C. mas and C. officinalis fruits share similarities but also possess unique constituents.
  • These phytochemical differences are key determinants of their distinct and overlapping biological activities.
  • The findings support the traditional medicinal applications of both Cornus species in European and Asian medicine.