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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Probiotic Studies in Neonatal Mice Using Gavage
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Probiotic Studies in Neonatal Mice Using Gavage

Published on: January 27, 2019

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Probiotic

Renjia Du1, Shengyin Jiao1, Yue Dai2

  • 1School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|September 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Bacillus probiotics significantly improved growth in retarded calves by enhancing weight gain and feed efficiency. These probiotics also positively modulated gut microbiota and hormone levels for better development.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Animal Nutrition
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Growth retardation in calves is a significant issue affecting livestock development.
  • Impaired growth may stem from growth hormone disorders and environmental factors.
  • Probiotics offer a potential avenue for improving livestock health and growth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the growth-promoting effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens C-1 and Bacillus subtilis in growth-retarded calves.
  • To analyze the impact of these probiotics on growth performance, hormone levels, and fecal microbiota.
  • To determine the therapeutic potential of specific probiotic strains in livestock.

Main Methods:

  • A 30-day intervention study involving 50 growth-retarded calves divided into three groups: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Ba), Bacillus subtilis (Bs), and a negative control (NC).
Keywords:
Bacillus amyloliquefaciensBacillus subtilisendocrine hormonesgrowth-retardationintestinal microbiota

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  • Growth performance metrics (weight gain rate, feed intake, feed conversion rate) were assessed pre- and post-intervention.
  • Serum growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), immunoglobulin levels, and fecal microbiota composition were analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • Calves supplemented with Ba and Bs showed significant increases in body weight gain, feed intake, and GH/IGF-1 levels compared to the NC group.
    • Both probiotic groups exhibited improved feed conversion rates and significant alterations in fecal microbiota, including increased beneficial bacteria and decreased pathogens.
    • Bacillus subtilis supplementation led to an increase in Akkermansia, important for mucosal immunity, while Bacillus amyloliquefaciens increased Sphaerochaeta and Treponema.

    Conclusions:

    • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis demonstrate similar therapeutic potential for improving growth performance in growth-retarded calves.
    • Probiotics regulate key hormones and enhance intestinal and rumen development, contributing to overall growth promotion.
    • These findings support the use of specific Bacillus strains as a viable strategy to address growth retardation in livestock.