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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

7.8K
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
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Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Microfluidic Device for Recreating a Tumor Microenvironment in Vitro
16:18

Microfluidic Device for Recreating a Tumor Microenvironment in Vitro

Published on: November 20, 2011

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Exosome-related tumor microenvironment.

Cheng Hu1,2, Meijuan Chen1,2, Rilei Jiang1,2

  • 1School of Medicine and Life Sciences , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, P.R. China.

Journal of Cancer
|September 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exosomes play a key role in the tumor microenvironment, influencing cancer growth and spread. These tiny vesicles found in bodily fluids offer potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic drug carriers.

Keywords:
angiogenesisexosomehypoxiainflammationtumor microenvironment

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Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors
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Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors

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Related Experiment Videos

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Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors
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Isolation of Proximal Fluids to Investigate the Tumor Microenvironment of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical for tumor progression, including growth and metastasis.
  • Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles, are increasingly recognized for their significant role within the TME.
  • The precise mechanisms by which exosomes influence the TME remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • This review focuses on the intricate relationship between exosomes and the tumor microenvironment.
  • It examines how exosomes interact with key TME factors like hypoxia, inflammation, and angiogenesis.
  • The review aims to elucidate the multifaceted roles of exosomes in cancer progression and therapeutic potential.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current research on exosomes and the tumor microenvironment.
  • Analysis of studies investigating exosome-mediated processes such as metastasis, angiogenesis, and immune modulation.
  • Compilation of data on the isolation of exosomes from various human bodily fluids.

Main Results:

  • Exosomes are implicated as crucial mediators of tumor metastasis, angiogenesis, and immune evasion within the TME.
  • These vesicles can be readily isolated from diverse biofluids, including blood, urine, and saliva, from cancer patients.
  • Exosomes demonstrate potential as non-invasive biomarkers for clinical prediction and as effective drug delivery vehicles due to their biocompatibility.

Conclusions:

  • Exosomes are integral components of the tumor microenvironment, significantly impacting cancer development and progression.
  • Their presence in accessible bodily fluids positions them as valuable biomarkers for early detection and prognosis.
  • Exosomes represent promising therapeutic targets and delivery systems for novel cancer treatments aimed at modulating the TME.