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Related Concept Videos

Ethics in Research01:56

Ethics in Research

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Today, scientists agree that good research is ethical in nature and is guided by a basic respect for human dignity and safety. However, this has not always been the case. Modern researchers must demonstrate that the research they perform is ethically sound.
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Behavior is a product of both the situation (e.g., cultural influences, social roles, and the presence of bystanders) and of the person (e.g., personality characteristics). Subfields of psychology tend to focus on one influence or behavior over others. Situationism is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings. In contrast, dispositionism holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors (Heider, 1958).
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Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
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Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
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The First Neuroethics Meeting: Then and Now.

Jonathan D Moreno, Patricia Smith Churchland, Kenneth F Schaffner

    Cerebrum : the Dana Forum on Brain Science
    |September 14, 2018
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    Summary

    Neuroethics, a field established in 2002, addresses ethical issues in brain research. This reflection examines its 15-year progress and future trajectory.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Bioethics
    • Philosophy of Mind
    • Neuro law

    Background:

    • In 2002, over 150 experts convened to define neuroethics and its implications.
    • The "Neuroethics: Mapping the Field" conference marked a pivotal moment.
    • Advances in brain research necessitate ethical considerations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To reflect on the evolution of neuroethics over 15 years.
    • To discuss the future direction of the neuroethics field.
    • To assess progress since the 2002 foundational conference.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of the neuroethics field's development.
    • Expert reflections from original conference speakers.
    • Discussion of advancements in neuroscience and their ethical impact.

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    Main Results:

    • The field of neuroethics has significantly matured since its inception.
    • Key ethical challenges have been identified and addressed.
    • Ongoing dialogue is crucial for navigating future neuroscientific advancements.

    Conclusions:

    • Neuroethics has established a critical framework for responsible brain research.
    • Continued interdisciplinary collaboration is essential for future progress.
    • Anticipating and addressing emerging ethical dilemmas remains paramount.