Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Overview of Exosomes

Overview of Exosomes

Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...

What is Genetic Engineering?

What is Genetic Engineering?

Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups

Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups

Substituents on the benzene ring that direct an incoming electrophile to undergo substitution at the meta position are called meta directors. All meta directors either have a positive charge on the atom directly bonded to the ring or a partial positive charge. These groups function by withdrawing electrons from the ring through inductive and resonance effects. Consider the carbocation intermediates formed upon the addition of an electrophile on nitrobenzene at the...

Heat Engines

Heat Engines

A heat engine is a device used to extract heat from a source and then convert it into mechanical work used for various applications. For example, a steam engine on an old-style train can produce the work needed for driving the train.
Whenever we consider heat engines (and associated devices such as refrigerators and heat pumps), we do not use the standard sign convention for heat and work. For convenience, we assume that the symbols Qh, Qc, and W represent only the amounts of heat transferred...

Directing Effect of Substituents: ortho–para-Directing Groups

Directing Effect of Substituents: ortho–para-Directing Groups

Ortho–para directors are substituent groups attached to the benzene ring and direct the addition of an electrophile to the positions ortho or para to the substituent. All electron-donating groups are considered ortho–para directors. They donate electrons to the ring and make the ring more electron-rich. The ring is therefore susceptible to the addition of electrophiles. Substituents such as amino, hydroxy, or alkoxy, containing lone pairs on the atom adjacent to the ring, donate...

Directional Terms

Directional Terms

Directional terms are essential for describing the relative locations of different body structures. For instance, an anatomist might describe one band of tissue as "inferior to" another, or a physician might describe a tumor as "superficial to" a deeper body structure. These terms often use comparative terms in pairs to trace out the relative locations of one body part to another or descriptions of body tissues like the deeper ones from superficially present with reference to...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Engineered MEVs for photoreceptor-targeted delivery of USP25 to alleviate diabetic retinopathy.

Journal of nanobiotechnology·2025

Same author

Sensitive determination of caffeoylquinic acid in food and blood samples using nanostructured conducting polymer composite modified electrode.

Food chemistry·2025

Same author

Transcriptomics of HERVs reveals clinico-biological characterization of LTR5_Hs and HERVS71 loci in gastric cancer.

Translational oncology·2025

Same author

Pathogenic and therapeutic roles of extracellular vesicles in sepsis.

Frontiers in immunology·2025

Same author

Dual roles of human endogenous retroviruses in cancer progression and antitumor immune response.

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer·2024

Same author

MSC-EVs alleviate osteoarthritis by regulating microenvironmental cells in the articular cavity and maintaining cartilage matrix homeostasis.

Ageing research reviews·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Differentiation of Monocytes into Phenotypically Distinct Macrophages After Treatment with Human Cord Blood Stem Cell CB-SC-Derived Exosomes

Differentiation of Monocytes into Phenotypically Distinct Macrophages After Treatment with Human Cord Blood Stem Cell CB-SC-Derived Exosomes

Published on: November 12, 2020

Engineering exosomes: a new direction for anticancer treatment.

Benshuai You¹, Wenrong Xu¹, Bin Zhang²

¹Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P. R. China.

American Journal of Cancer Research

|September 14, 2018

Summary

Engineered exosomes show promise for improving cancer treatment by enhancing drug delivery and cancer cell killing. This review explores modified exosomes from various sources for novel cancer therapy strategies.

Keywords:

Exosomes cancer therapy modification targeting

More Related Videos

Anticancer Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy with Lung Cancer-Targeted Nanoparticles

Anticancer Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy with Lung Cancer-Targeted Nanoparticles

Published on: December 1, 2016

Formulating and Characterizing an Exosome-based Dopamine Carrier System

Formulating and Characterizing an Exosome-based Dopamine Carrier System

Published on: April 4, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Differentiation of Monocytes into Phenotypically Distinct Macrophages After Treatment with Human Cord Blood Stem Cell CB-SC-Derived Exosomes

Differentiation of Monocytes into Phenotypically Distinct Macrophages After Treatment with Human Cord Blood Stem Cell CB-SC-Derived Exosomes

Published on: November 12, 2020

Anticancer Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy with Lung Cancer-Targeted Nanoparticles

Anticancer Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy with Lung Cancer-Targeted Nanoparticles

Published on: December 1, 2016

Formulating and Characterizing an Exosome-based Dopamine Carrier System

Formulating and Characterizing an Exosome-based Dopamine Carrier System

Published on: April 4, 2022

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Nanotechnology
Oncology

Background:

Clinical cancer treatment faces challenges with specificity and effectiveness, leading to poor outcomes despite advances.
Exosomes, as natural nanosized vesicles, offer potential for improved anticancer responses and targeted drug delivery.
Current therapeutic strategies require enhancement for better efficacy in cancer patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in engineering exosomes for cancer therapy.
To discuss the potential of modified exosomes in augmenting anticancer efficacy and drug delivery.
To explore exosomes derived from diverse cell sources for therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

Summarizing current research on engineered exosomes for cancer treatment.
Analyzing exosomes derived from various sources including tumors, stem cells, and HEK293T cells.
Evaluating genetic and nongenetic modification strategies for exosome-based therapies.

Main Results:

Engineered exosomes demonstrate augmented cytotoxicity and targeting ability against cancer cells.
Exosomes from different sources exhibit varying potential for therapeutic modifications.
Modification strategies can enhance the efficacy of therapeutic agents delivered via exosomes.

Conclusions:

Engineering exosomes presents a promising novel strategy for enhancing cancer therapy.
Further understanding of exosome modification can lead to improved clinical outcomes.
Exosome-based therapies offer a potential alternative to overcome current treatment limitations.