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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Communication01:03

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Communication between two animals occurs when one animal transmits an information signal that causes a change in the animal that receives the information. Organisms communicate with one another in a host of different ways. Signals can be auditory, chemical, visual, tactile, or a combination of these. Communication is a critical behavioral adaptation that promotes survival, growth, and reproduction.
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Communication01:28

Communication

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Sharing information, concepts, and emotions to foster mutual understanding is communication. The sender, recipient, and transaction must be considered in this manner. The sender is the person who shares the message, the recipient is the person who receives and understands the message, and the transaction is the method used to deliver the message and the variables that affect the communication's context and surroundings. The nurse-client connection is built on therapeutic communication.
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Language01:16

Language

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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
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Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding
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Extracellular Vesicles: Decoding a New Language for Cellular Communication in Early Embryonic Development.

Lilian Cruz1, Jenny A A Romero1, Rebeca P Iglesia1

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|September 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate communication in early embryonic development and stem cell differentiation. These vesicles transfer crucial molecules like morphogens and miRNAs, influencing cell fate and renewal.

Keywords:
developmentembryonic stem cellsextracellular vesiclesmiRNAsmorphogens

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Evaluation of the Storage Stability of Extracellular Vesicles
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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Stem Cell Research

Background:

  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from the blastocyst inner cell mass (ICM) and retain developmental potential.
  • ICM cells receive complex signals from surrounding cells, including trophectoderm and primitive endoderm.
  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key components of the ICM niche, transferring regulatory molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in intercellular communication during early embryonic development.
  • To review the function of EVs in embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation.
  • To highlight the significance of EV cargo, such as morphogens and miRNAs, in regulating cell phenotype.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on extracellular vesicles in embryogenesis and stem cell differentiation.
  • Analysis of evidence for EV-mediated transfer of morphogens and miRNAs.
  • Examination of the impact of EVs on cell renewal and cell fate determination.

Main Results:

  • EVs are increasingly recognized as critical mediators of intercellular communication in early development.
  • Morphogens and miRNAs are significant molecular cargoes of EVs, influencing developmental processes.
  • EVs play a role in modulating cell renewal and directing cell fate in embryonic and stem cells.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular vesicles represent a vital mechanism for intercellular communication in early embryonic development and ESC differentiation.
  • The transfer of morphogens and miRNAs via EVs is crucial for orchestrating developmental signaling pathways.
  • Understanding EV function offers new insights into regulating stem cell behavior and tissue morphogenesis.