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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
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Population size is dynamic, increasing with birth rates and immigration, and decreasing with death rates and emigration. In ideal conditions with unlimited resources, populations can increase exponentially, which plots as a J-shaped growth rate curve of population size against time. This type of curve is characteristic of newly-introduced invasive species, or populations that have suffered catastrophic declines and are rebounding.
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Interpersonal relationships progress through stages, beginning with awareness and moving toward mutuality, where emotional connections deepen. While many relationships remain at moderate levels of mutuality, deeper connections form through self-disclosure, trust, and interdependence.Self-DisclosureSelf-disclosure involves revealing personal information, starting with surface-level details and gradually progressing to more intimate content. As trust grows, individuals feel more comfortable...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Screening for Melanoma Modifiers using a Zebrafish Autochthonous Tumor Model
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Melanoma LAMP-2C Modulates Tumor Growth and Autophagy.

Liliana Pérez1, Anthony L Sinn2, George E Sandusky3

  • 1Virus Persistence and Dynamics Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|September 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Lysosome-associated membrane protein 2C (LAMP-2C) inhibits melanoma growth by altering autophagy and promoting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Increased LAMP-2C expression reduces tumor progression in vivo, revealing a novel tumor-suppressive role.

Keywords:
LAMP-2LAMP-2Cchaperone-mediated autophagymacroautophagymelanomatumor

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Autophagy has dual roles in cancer, potentially inhibiting tumor initiation but promoting survival during progression.
  • Melanoma cells face stresses, including inflammatory cytokines like interferon-gamma, which can influence tumor behavior.
  • Lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP-2) isoforms, including LAMP-2C, are involved in cellular processes, but their specific role in melanoma is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the novel inhibitory role of LAMP-2C in modulating autophagy and melanoma cell growth.
  • To determine if increased LAMP-2C expression in melanoma cells represents a mechanism to control tumor growth and survival.
  • To explore the effects of LAMP-2C on autophagy pathways and cell cycle regulation in melanoma.

Main Methods:

  • Enhanced expression of human LAMP-2C in melanoma cell lines (in vitro) and in human melanoma cell xenografts (in vivo).
  • Analysis of macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy.
  • Assessment of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, necrosis, and expression of cell cycle regulators (Chk1, p21).
  • Histological analysis of tumor xenografts.

Main Results:

  • Increased LAMP-2C expression perturbed macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy.
  • Enhanced LAMP-2C led to reduced LAMP-2A and LAMP-2B protein levels.
  • Melanoma cells with higher LAMP-2C showed increased cell cycle arrest, elevated Chk1 and p21 expression, and greater apoptosis/necrosis.
  • Human melanoma xenografts with increased LAMP-2C exhibited reduced growth, increased necrosis, and lower cell density.

Conclusions:

  • LAMP-2C plays a novel, inhibitory role in regulating melanoma cell growth and survival.
  • Increased LAMP-2C expression negatively impacts melanoma progression by affecting autophagy and inducing cell cycle arrest and cell death.
  • LAMP-2C represents a potential therapeutic target for melanoma treatment.