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    Area of Science:

    • Nonlinear optics
    • Quantum optics
    • Atomic physics

    Background:

    • Optical vortices carry orbital angular momentum (OAM).
    • Four-wave mixing (FWM) is a key nonlinear optical process.
    • Photonic band gap (PBG) structures offer unique light-matter interaction control.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To experimentally observe vortex six-wave mixing (SWM) with OAM transfer.
    • To investigate the influence of nonlinear phase and frequency detuning on vortex beams.
    • To explore the manipulation of vortex beam characteristics for potential applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a hot rubidium vapor cell with a PBG structure.
    • Employing a vortex probe beam and dressing fields.
    • Analyzing spatial images, interference patterns, and spectral properties.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated OAM transfer from a vortex probe to an enhanced FWM signal.
    • Observed spatial shifts, splitting, and phase singularity shifts in transmitted and reflected signals.
    • Showcased switching of interference patterns from parallel to spiral by altering incident angle.
    • Found that the number of forks in spiral interference patterns changes with probe detuning due to Kerr effect-induced separation.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides a novel method for generating and controlling vortex SWM signals.
    • The observed phenomena offer a deeper understanding of light-matter interactions in nonlinear media.
    • Results have potential implications for quantum communication and information processing.