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Uncommon clinical presentations of leprosy: apropos of three cases

Rashmi Jindal, Nadia Shirazi

    Leprosy Review
    |September 14, 2018
    PubMed

    Insights

    Leprosy, a great imitator, presents with diverse clinical manifestations. Early diagnosis, even in atypical cases, is crucial, with histopathology aiding confirmation.

    Area of Science:

    • Dermatology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Clinical Medicine

    Background:

    • Leprosy (Hansen's disease) is known for its varied clinical presentations, often mimicking other conditions.
    • Accurate diagnosis in endemic areas requires considering leprosy even with unusual symptoms to prevent misdiagnosis.

    Observation:

    • This report details three leprosy cases with uncommon presentations.
    • Case 1: Eczematous skin lesions without sensory loss or nerve thickening.
    • Case 2: Localized type-2 reaction. Case 3: Initial presentation with only rheumatologic symptoms.

    Findings:

    • Leprosy can manifest with atypical cutaneous, reactive, or rheumatologic features.
    • Histopathology is essential for confirming the diagnosis in suspected leprosy cases.

    Implications:

    • Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for leprosy in endemic regions, irrespective of typical signs.
    • Prompt histopathological examination is vital for accurate diagnosis and timely management of leprosy.

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