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The Variable Southern Ocean Carbon Sink.

Nicolas Gruber1, Peter Landschützer2, Nicole S Lovenduski3

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The Southern Ocean

Keywords:
Southern Oceananthropogenic carbondecadal variabilitynatural carbonocean carbon sink

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Area of Science:

  • Oceanography
  • Climate Science
  • Carbon Cycle Research

Background:

  • The Southern Ocean's carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake significantly influences global ocean carbon sink variations.
  • Decadal changes in this uptake are notable, with a weakening in the 1990s and a subsequent rebound.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the drivers behind the decadal variations in Southern Ocean CO2 uptake.
  • To assess the impact of changing wind patterns and oceanographic conditions on carbon storage.
  • To evaluate the performance of current ocean models in simulating these changes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of historical oceanographic data and climate patterns.
  • Attribution of CO2 sink variations to specific environmental factors.
  • Model-based assessment of Southern Ocean carbon dynamics.

Main Results:

  • A southward shift in westerlies during the 1990s enhanced CO2 outgassing and reduced anthropogenic CO2 uptake.
  • Ocean cooling, increased stratification, and reduced overturning drove the carbon sink's rebound after 2000.
  • Current ocean models exhibit poor skill in reproducing observed decadal variations.

Conclusions:

  • Southern Ocean CO2 uptake is highly sensitive to atmospheric and oceanic circulation changes.
  • Accurate decadal predictions require improved ocean modeling capabilities.
  • Understanding these dynamics is crucial for predicting the future ocean carbon sink.