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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Primate Behavior

Background:

  • Sex differences in μ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist-induced antinociception are documented in nonhuman primates.
  • The extent of these sex differences across other behavioral outcomes is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex differences in the behavioral effects of three MOR ligands with varying efficacies (fentanyl, buprenorphine, naltrexone) in rhesus monkeys.
  • To determine if MOR ligand sex differences are consistent across different behavioral endpoints.

Main Methods:

  • Male and female rhesus monkeys (n=3 each) were trained on a fixed-ratio 10 schedule.
  • Cumulative dose-effect functions were determined for intramuscular fentanyl, buprenorphine, and naltrexone.
  • Behavioral effects were assessed by measuring rates of responding.

Main Results:

  • Fentanyl decreased responding in both sexes with no significant difference in ED50 values.
  • Buprenorphine decreased responding in females but not in males.
  • Naltrexone did not significantly alter behavior in either sex.

Conclusions:

  • The expression of sex differences in MOR pharmacology is dependent on both the efficacy of the MOR ligand and the specific behavioral endpoint studied.
  • These findings highlight the complexity of sex-based variations in opioid drug effects.