Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Olfactory Context Dependent Memory: Direct Presentation of Odorants
Published on: September 18, 2018
Olfactory modulation of colour working memory: How does citrus-like smell influence the memory of orange colour?
Kaori Tamura1, Masayuki Hamakawa2, Tsuyoshi Okamoto1,2
1Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
Abstract:
Olfactory modulation of vision is not well understood whereas visual modulation of olfaction has been more fully investigated. This study aimed to reveal in a simple manner whether there is olfactory modulation of colour working memory using an odour that induces a citrus-like smell and is associated with orange colours. We assumed that the odour would have modulatory effects on the colour information stored in working memory. To clarify whether these effects are supportive or disruptive, during the colour working memory task we measured an event-related potential component, P3, which is involved in attentional processes of working memory. The results indicated that odour presentation mediated a decline in the rate of correct guesses for orange colours. Furthermore, the odour suppressed P3 during reddish-colour retrieval, including orange. These results suggest that colour working memory in orange can be disrupted via olfactory modulation with citrus-like odours.
Related Concept Videos
System of Memory
Working Memory
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway
The olfactory...
Long-Term Memory
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
Traumatic Memory
Repressed Memory

