[New perspectives for the diagnosis and prognosis of Graves' disease]

Graves' thyroiditis is a frequent disease. It has a considerable impact on patient's life quality and health expenses. Thus, it is important to optimize the treatment and follow up. The identification of new factors predisposing to the disease and factors that may help to predict the severity or recurrence of the disease or the occurrence of graves' orbitopathy could optimize the management. Genetic predisposition has a major role in the development of Graves' disease. The new genes in addition to those already known to be involved in Graves' disease are under study. However, genetic predisposition alone cannot explain the occurrence of the disease. MicroRNAs are non-genetic factors that are significantly associated with different severities or relapses of Graves' disease as well as with the occurrence of graves' orbitopathy. These genetic and epigenetic factors together with known environmental factors can be used to predict the risk of relapse of Graves' disease or of the occurrence of orbital orbitopathy. This will lead to new promising therapeutic targets.