Tenacissoside H exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by regulating the nf-κb and p38 pathways in zebrafish

Marsdenia tenacissima exhibits biological activity with heat-clearing and detoxifying properties, relieving coughs and asthma and exerting anticancer and anti-HIV effects. Tenacissioside H (TH) is a Chinese medicine monomer extracted from the dried stem of Marsdenia tenacissima. We investigated the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of TH using three different zebrafish inflammation models: local inflammation induced by tail cutting, acute inflammation induced by CuSO4, and systemic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to elucidate the mechanism of TH action against LPS-induced inflammatory responses. Our results showed TH significantly reduced the number of macrophages in the injured zebrafish tail, inhibited CuSO4-induced migration of macrophages toward the neural mound, and decreased the distribution of macrophages in tail fin compared to LPS-treated group. Furthermore, TH inhibits LPS-induced inflammation responses in zebrafish by modulating the nuclear factor κB (nf-κb) and p38 pathways to regulate inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (tnf-α), cyclooxygenase (cox-2), interleukin-1b (il-1b), interleukin-8 (il-8), interleukin-10 (il-10), nitric oxide synthase (nos2b) and prostaglandin E synthase (ptges). In conclusion, TH possesses anti-inflammation activity via the regulation of the nf-κb and p38 pathways. This finding provides a reference for the clinical application of Xiaoaiping (the trade name of Marsdenia tenacissima extract).