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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Three-dimensional Alginate-bead Culture of Human Pituitary Adenoma Cells
Published on: February 18, 2016
Snapshot summary of diagnosis and management of hepatocellular adenoma subtypes
Paulette Bioulac-Sage1, Christine Sempoux2, Nora Frulio3
1Inserm, UMR1053 Bordeaux research in translational oncology, BaRITOn, université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Service of Clinical Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Institute of Pathology, 25 rue du Bugnon, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Abstract:
Hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) are rare benign hepatocellular tumors occurring mainly in women taking oral contraceptives with 2 major complications: severe bleeding and malignant transformation that can be avoided if nodules exceeding 5 cm are resected. This simple attitude has been challenged in the recent years with HCA in men, in young adolescent, in aged persons, and complications in hepatocellular adenomas below 5 cm. The discovery of specific mutations leading to specific phenotypes has modified the clinical spectrum of the disease. The phenotypic immune classification of HCA based on the molecular classification is being widely used in liver referral centers. The aim of this snapshot is to briefly present for each subtype the clinical, pathological, immuno-pathological criteria as well as the risk of complications and guidelines for treatment and management.
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