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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

156.6K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
156.6K
Translation01:31

Translation

17.8K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
17.8K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

39.0K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
39.0K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

8.1K
8.1K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

27.7K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
27.7K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

6.8K
6.8K

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A Behavioral Test Battery for the Repeated Assessment of Motor Skills, Mood, and Cognition in Mice
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Repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation.

John Douglas Cleary1,2,3, Amrutha Pattamatta1,2,3, Laura P W Ranum4,2,3,5,6

  • 1From the Center for NeuroGenetics.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|September 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microsatellite expansions trigger over 40 neurological diseases by producing toxic repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) proteins. Research into RAN protein production and accumulation is key to understanding these devastating conditions.

Keywords:
C9ORF72 ALS/FTDHuntington's diseaseRAN translationamyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (Lou Gehrig disease)mouse modelsmyotonic dystrophynucleocytoplasmic transportspinocerebellar ataxiatranslationtranslation initiationtrinucleotide repeat disease

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Microsatellite expansions are the underlying cause of numerous inherited neurological disorders.
  • These expansions lead to the production of toxic repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) proteins.
  • RAN proteins, particularly dipeptide proteins in C9ORF72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD), are of significant research interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms of RAN translation.
  • To identify cellular factors involved in RAN protein accumulation.
  • To elucidate the role of RAN proteins in disease pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of repeat expansion mutations in neurological disease models.
  • Investigation of protein synthesis pathways for RAN proteins.
  • Cellular and biochemical assays to study RAN protein aggregation and toxicity.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that repeat expansion mutations can generate RAN proteins across all three reading frames.
  • Observed accumulation of RAN proteins in tissues relevant to disease.
  • Identified specific dipeptide RAN proteins associated with C9ORF72 ALS/FTD.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding RAN translation is crucial for deciphering the molecular basis of microsatellite expansion disorders.
  • Cellular factors influencing RAN protein levels are potential therapeutic targets.
  • Further research into RAN proteins will advance our knowledge of gene expression and neurological disease.