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Hierarchical rupture growth evidenced by the initial seismic waveforms.

Takashi Okuda1, Satoshi Ide2

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Predicting earthquake size early is key for warnings. Repeating earthquakes, regardless of size, share similar growth processes, suggesting a hierarchical structure on plate interfaces.

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Area of Science:

  • * Seismology
  • * Earthquake physics

Background:

  • * Predicting earthquake size is vital for early warning systems.
  • * Early stages of small and large earthquakes appear statistically similar.
  • * The possibility of shared growth processes between different-sized earthquakes at the same location remains unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate if small and large earthquakes share common growth processes at the same location.
  • * To examine repeating earthquakes in the Naka region, eastern Japan, for size-dependent similarities.
  • * To explore the implications of shared growth processes for earthquake rupture dynamics and plate interface structures.

Main Methods:

  • * Analysis of repeating earthquake sequences in the Naka region.
  • * Comparative study of seismic waveforms and growth patterns of earthquakes with varying magnitudes.
  • * Examination of spatial scales and triggering mechanisms of earthquake ruptures.

Main Results:

  • * Clear evidence of nearly identical growth processes observed in repeating earthquakes of diverse sizes.
  • * Demonstrated that large earthquakes initiate from smaller-scale failures, indicating a hierarchical rupture process.
  • * Identified subtle physical condition differences that may control independent small-scale failures.

Conclusions:

  • * Earthquakes, even of different magnitudes, can share fundamental growth processes.
  • * A hierarchical structure likely exists on the plate interface, where large earthquakes are triggered by smaller ones.
  • * While earthquakes exhibit randomness, their occurrence may be influenced by these underlying structural hierarchies.