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Related Concept Videos

Prevalence and Incidence01:08

Prevalence and Incidence

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In statistical epidemiology and health sciences, two essential metrics—prevalence and incidence—are fundamental for understanding disease dynamics within a population. These measures enable public health officials, epidemiologists, and researchers to assess the burden of diseases, allocate resources effectively, and design impactful public health policies and interventions.
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Nonstandard Reaction Conditions
The interconnection between standard cell potentials and various thermodynamic parameters such as the standard free energy change ΔG° and equilibrium constant K has been previously explored. For example, a redox reaction involving zinc(II) and tin(II) ions at 1 M concentration with Eºcell = +0.291 V and ΔG° = −56.2 kJ is spontaneous.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Evaluation of Colorectal Cancer Risk and Prevalence by Stool DNA Integrity Detection
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Prevalence of

Dominique Fatima Voumbo-Matoumona1,2,3, Lady Charlène Kouna4, Marylin Madamet2,5,6

  • 1Unit of Evolution, Epidemiology and Parasitic Resistances (UNEEREP), International Medical Research Center of Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon, lekana_jb@yahoo.fr.

Infection and Drug Resistance
|September 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Drug resistance markers in Plasmodium falciparum are evolving in Southeastern Gabon. Despite chloroquine withdrawal, resistant alleles persist, and high levels of resistance to intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) were observed.

Keywords:
GabonPfK13PfcrtPfdhfr/PfdhpsPlasmodium falciparumantimalarial drug resistance

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Area of Science:

  • Malariology
  • Genetics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) have reduced malaria globally.
  • ACTs can select for drug resistance markers, impacting treatment efficacy.
  • Limited data exist on malaria resistance markers in Southeastern Gabon.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the evolution of resistance haplotypes in Pfcrt, Pfdhps, Pfdhfr, and PfK13 genes.
  • To assess malaria parasite resistance markers in Southeastern Gabon from 2011 to 2014.

Main Methods:

  • Sequencing of Pfcrt, Pfdhps, Pfdhfr, and PfK13 genes.
  • Analysis of 233 Plasmodium falciparum DNA samples from pediatric patients in urban, semi-urban, and rural areas of Southeastern Gabon.

Main Results:

  • Pfcrt 72-76 CVMNK wild-type prevalence remained stable.
  • The IRNI triple-mutant Pfdhfr haplotype was highly prevalent (>89.0%) with no significant changes.
  • Emergence of the AGKAA Pfdhps double mutant was noted in 2013-2014; rare PfK13 mutations were identified.

Conclusions:

  • High frequency of the chloroquine-resistant Pfcrt 76T allele persists in Southern Gabon.
  • Significant levels of resistance haplotypes against intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) were detected.