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Related Concept Videos

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Decreasing Function

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A decreasing function describes a relationship where the output consistently declines as the input increases. This means that for any two input values, if one is greater than the other, the corresponding output is smaller. Mathematically, a function f is decreasing on an interval I if for every x1 < x2​ in I, f (x1) > f (x2). This type of behavior is visually identified on a graph that slopes downward from left to right.The nature of a function can be analyzed by calculating...
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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
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Increasing Function01:18

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An increasing function exhibits a rise in output values as input values increase. This behavior is depicted graphically as a curve or line that slopes upward from left to right. Such a function satisfies the condition that if x1 < x2, then f(x1) < f(x2), indicating that the function values grow with increasing inputs. This concept is fundamental in understanding growth trends across various domains, such as population dynamics, financial investments, or resource consumption.The...
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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Live Imaging of Cell Motility and Actin Cytoskeleton of Individual Neurons and Neural Crest Cells in Zebrafish Embryos
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Glycine is able to induce both a motility speed in- and decrease during zebrafish neuronal migration.

Ulrike Theisen1, Sven Hey1, Christian D Hennig2

  • 1TU Braunschweig, Zoological Institute, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Braunschweig, Germany.

Communicative & Integrative Biology
|September 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glycine

Keywords:
NKCC1Neuronal migrationglycineglycine receptor alpha 1neurotransmitterszebrafish

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Zebrafish Models

Background:

  • Neuronal migration is crucial for brain development.
  • Neurotransmitters like glycine play a role in guiding migrating neurons.
  • The function of glycine receptors changes with neuronal maturation due to altered ion transporter expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the switch in solute carrier expression (NKCC1 to KCC2) affects glycine's influence on tegmental hindbrain nuclei neurons (THNs) migration.
  • To understand the developmental regulation of glycine's role in neuronal migration.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo cell tracking in zebrafish embryos.
  • Overexpression of glycine receptor mutations.
  • Whole mount in situ hybridization to analyze gene expression.

Main Results:

  • Glycine's effect on THN migration is dependent on the developmental stage and the expression of specific ion transporters.
  • The transition from NKCC1 to KCC2 expression alters the response of immature neurons to glycine.
  • A model is proposed linking developmental timing, receptor sensitivity, and transporter expression to glycine's migratory effects.

Conclusions:

  • The developmental switch in solute carrier expression critically modulates glycine's impact on neuronal migration.
  • Glycine can act as a guidance cue for migrating THNs, with its effect being context-dependent.
  • This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms governing neuronal positioning in the developing brain.