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Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
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Analysis of Shear Flow-induced Migration of Murine Marginal Zone B Cells In Vitro
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Frustration-induced phases in migrating cell clusters.

Katherine Copenhagen1, Gema Malet-Engra2,3, Weimiao Yu4

  • 1Department of Physics, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA.

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Cancer cell clusters exhibit distinct translational, rotational, and random motion phases. Heterogeneous cell behavior, driven by an ordered rim and disordered core, dictates these collective movement dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • * Biophysics
  • * Computational Biology
  • * Cancer Cell Biology

Background:

  • * Malignant cancer cells can form clusters.
  • * These clusters exhibit complex collective motion in chemoattractant gradients.
  • * Observed motion includes translational, rotational, and random phases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To develop an agent-based model simulating cancer cell cluster dynamics.
  • * To investigate the mechanisms driving different phases of collective cell motion.
  • * To understand how cell heterogeneity influences cluster behavior and motion.

Main Methods:

  • * Experimental observation of two-dimensional cancer cell clusters in vitro.
  • * Development of an agent-based computational model incorporating cell-cell attraction and alignment.
  • * Analysis of cluster motion phases and transitions using the developed model.

Main Results:

  • * The model successfully replicates the coexistence of translational, rotational, and random motion phases when rim cells are more motile.
  • * Transitions between motion phases are driven by the interplay between an ordered cluster rim and a disordered core.
  • * The creation and annihilation of topological defects in the velocity field are key to phase transitions.

Conclusions:

  • * Heterogeneous cell behavior, influenced by the local environment, is crucial for emergent collective motion.
  • * The agent-based model provides insights into experimentally observed phases of cancer cell cluster dynamics.
  • * Local environmental interactions can lead to novel, complex collective behaviors in malignant cells.