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Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry
Published on: July 20, 2016
Lactose-Modified Chitosan Gold(III)-PEGylated Complex-Bioconjugates: From Synthesis to Interaction with Targeted
Qiqian Liu1, Pasquale Sacco2, Eleonora Marsich3
1CNRS, UMR 7244, CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomateriaux et d'Agents Therapeutiques , Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité , 93000 Bobigny , France.
Abstract:
Galectins (Gal) are a family of glycan-binding proteins characterized by their affinity for β-galactosides. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a dimeric lectin with two galactoside-binding sites, regulates cancer progression and immune responses. Coordination chemistry has been engaged to develop versatile multivalent neoglycoconjugates for binding Gal-1. In this study we report a fast and original method to synthesize hybrid gold nanoparticles in which a hydrochloride lactose-modified chitosan, named CTL, is mixed with dicarboxylic acid-terminated polyethylene glycol (PEG), leading to shell-like hybrid polymer-sugar-metal nanoparticles (CTL-PEG-AuNPs). The aim of this paper is to preliminarily study the interaction of the CTL-PEG-AuNPs with a target protein, namely, Gal-1, under specific conditions. The molecular interaction has been measured by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), UV-vis, and Raman Spectroscopy on a large range of Gal-1 concentrations (from 0 to 10-12 M). We observed that the interaction was strongly dependent on the Gal-1 concentration at the surface of the gold nanoparticles.
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