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Importance of Jumping Ability in Handball Throwing Speed and Accuracy

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Changes in Throwing Arm Mechanics at Increased Throwing Distances During Structured Long-Toss.

Brittany Dowling¹, Michael P McNally², Walter A Laughlin¹

¹Research and Development, Motus Global, Rockville Centre, New York, USA.

The American Journal of Sports Medicine

|September 15, 2018

Summary

High school baseball players experience increased arm speed and shoulder rotation with longer throws, but elbow torque also rises. Caution is advised in return-to-throw programs using long-toss protocols.

Keywords:

IMU elbow interval throwing program kinetics shoulder

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Area of Science:

Sports Medicine
Biomechanics
Orthopedics

Background:

Adolescent baseball players show rising elbow injury rates, exceeding college and professional levels.
Return-to-throw programs, including long-toss, are used for injury prevention and rehabilitation.
Limited research exists on elbow load during interval throwing for high school athletes.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify changes in arm slot, arm speed, shoulder external rotation, and elbow varus torque.
To analyze these biomechanical parameters across increasing throwing distances within individual athletes.

Main Methods:

A descriptive laboratory study involving 95 high school baseball players.
Participants performed a long-toss protocol at distances of 9m, 18m, 27m, 37m, and 46m.
Inertial sensors and sleeves were used to measure biomechanical data; statistical models analyzed the relationship between distance and parameters.

Main Results:

Arm slot, arm speed, shoulder external rotation, and elbow varus torque were significantly associated with throw distance.
Increasing distance led to higher arm speed and shoulder external rotation, and a lower arm slot.
Elbow varus torque increased up to 37m and plateaued at 46m.

Conclusions:

Longer throwing distances in conditioning may enhance shoulder range of motion and arm speed.
Increased throwing distance is associated with greater arm rotation, arm speed, and elbow torque, alongside a reduced arm slot.
Careful consideration is needed due to biomechanical changes during long-toss protocols in adolescent athletes.