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Polymers

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...

Polymers

Polymers

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...

Actin Polymerization

Actin Polymerization

Actin polymerization occurs through the head-to-tail association of binding sites on monomeric actin or G-actin to form filamentous or F-actin. The polymerization can be divided into three phases ̶ nucleation, elongation, and steady-state phase.
The nucleation phase involves forming a stable nucleus consisting of three actin monomers to form a new actin filament. Actin-binding proteins such as formins and Arp2/3 complex help filament growth post-nucleation. The Formins form straight...

Aggregates Classification

Aggregates Classification

Aggregate classification is generally based on its size, petrographic characteristics, weight, and source. Size classification ranges from coarse to fine aggregates, defined by the size of the particles. Coarse aggregates are particles that do not pass through ASTM sieve No. 4, and aggregates that pass through the sieve are fine aggregates.
Petrographic classification groups aggregates based on common mineralogical characteristics. Some of the common mineral groups found in aggregates are...

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

Polymerization-induced polymer aggregation or polymer aggregation-enhanced polymerization? A computer simulation

Si-Min Kong¹, Hong Liu, Yao-Hong Xue

¹Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China. hongliu@jlu.edu.cn.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP

|September 15, 2018

Summary

Polymerization can induce or enhance polymer aggregation in binary solutions. This study reveals complex interplay between reaction and diffusion dynamics, guiding copolymer material design.

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Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides

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Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization

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Published on: November 27, 2015

Area of Science:

Polymer Science
Materials Chemistry
Computational Chemistry

Background:

Copolymer synthesis involves complex interactions between polymerization and aggregation.
Understanding these dynamics is crucial for controlling material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate polymerization-induced polymer aggregation.
Explore polymer aggregation-enhanced polymerization in binary solutions.
Analyze the influence of solvent solubility on copolymerization.

Main Methods:

Dissipative particle dynamics simulations.
Stochastic reaction model.
Tuning solvent solubility for copolymerization.

Main Results:

Polymerization influences aggregate formation and species mixing.
Polymerization kinetics approximate first-order, deviating with increased insolubility.
Copolymer dispersity decreases with reaction probability in symmetric systems.
Mass distribution shapes vary (Gaussian-like vs. bimodal) based on preferential polymerization.

Conclusions:

Cooperative competition between reaction and diffusion dynamics governs copolymer preparation.
Findings provide insights for designing and improving copolymerization technologies.
Simulation results aid in tailoring copolymer material properties.