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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum02:37

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

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The electromagnetic spectrum consists of all the types of electromagnetic radiation arranged according to their frequency and wavelength. Each of the various colors of visible light has specific frequencies and wavelengths associated with them, and you can see that visible light makes up only a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Because the technologies developed to work in various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are different, for reasons of convenience and historical...
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum01:24

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

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Electromagnetic waves are categorized according to their wavelengths and frequencies, giving the electromagnetic spectrum. These waves are classified as radio, infrared, ultraviolet, etc. Radio waves refer to electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from millimeters to kilometers. Radio waves are commonly used for audio communications (i.e., radios) and typically result from an alternating current in the wires of a broadcast antenna. They cover a broad wavelength range and are used...
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IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

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When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0%...
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Mass Spectrum01:23

Mass Spectrum

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A mass spectrum is the graphical representation of the relative abundance of the charged fragments in an analyte plotted against their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The plot's x-axis represents the ratio of the mass of the charged fragment to the number of charges it carries. The y axis of the plot represents the relative abundance of each charged species. The relative abundance is calculated from the signal intensity of each charged species recorded at the detector. The most intense signal (the...
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UV–Vis Spectrum01:30

UV–Vis Spectrum

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When light passes through a substance, a portion of the light is absorbed while the remaining light is reflected or transmitted. If the molecule absorbs light between the wavelengths of 180–400 nm range, the UV spectrum is obtained, and if it absorbs light in the 400–780 nm wavelength range, the visible spectrum is obtained.     
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Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder.

Lisa Campisi1, Nazish Imran2, Ahsan Nazeer1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar.

British Medical Bulletin
|September 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a strong genetic basis, but environmental factors also play a role. Research is exploring biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment prediction.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence is increasing, with a strong hereditary component.
  • The broader conceptualization of ASD in DSM-5 is widely supported.
  • Public awareness has fueled controversial theories on ASD causation and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) etiology, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • To address controversial theories and highlight emerging research areas.
  • To discuss candidate biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment prediction.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent publications, international guidelines, reviews, and meta-analyses.
  • Inclusion of authors' clinical experience.
  • Synthesis of evidence from genetics, neuroimaging, and eye-tracking studies.

Main Results:

  • Strong evidence supports a hereditary component in ASD, alongside a role for environmental factors.
  • Controversial environmental risk factors (e.g., vaccines, heavy metals) and treatments are discussed.
  • Genetics, neuroimaging, and eye-tracking show promise as candidate biomarkers for ASD.

Conclusions:

  • The etiology of ASD involves a complex interplay between genes and environment.
  • Further research into gene-environment interactions is crucial for understanding ASD.
  • Biomarkers hold potential for improving early diagnosis and personalizing treatment for ASD.