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Related Concept Videos

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output01:19

Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output

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Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output
Cardiac output adapts to metabolic demands during stress, physical activity, or illness. The autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate via the sinoatrial node. The parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart...
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The Cardiac Cycle01:13

The Cardiac Cycle

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The heart beats rhythmically in a sequence called the cardiac cycle—a rapid coordination of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole).
The Process
Electrical signals—sent from the sinoatrial (SA) node in the right atrial wall to the atrioventricular (AV) node between the right atrium and right ventricle—cause both atria to simultaneously contract. When the signal reaches the AV node, it pauses for approximately a tenth of a second, allowing the atria to contract and...
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Cardiac Cycle01:29

Cardiac Cycle

13.0K
The cardiac cycle refers to the sequence of events that occur in the heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the next. It's characterized by alternating periods of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of the heart muscles.
During the cardiac cycle, blood flow through the heart is regulated entirely by changing pressure gradients. This sequence of events begins with the heart in a state of total relaxation, known as mid-to-late diastole, during which blood passively flows from...
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Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

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Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
2.0K
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
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Parasite Induced Genetically Driven Autoimmune Chagas Heart Disease in the Chicken Model
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Cardiac surgery for Chagas disease.

Michael Magarakis1, Alejandro E Macias2, Bryon A Tompkins3

  • 1Jackson Memorial Hospital-University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiac Surgery section, Miami, Florida.

Journal of Cardiac Surgery
|September 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Chagas disease, though rare in North America, causes significant cardiac issues. This review covers surgical management for patients with Chagas disease-related cardiovascular disease.

Keywords:
Trypanosoma Cruzianeurysm repaircardiac surgerychagas diseaseleft ventricleleft ventricular aneurysm

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Surgical Management

Background:

  • Chagas disease is a parasitic infection with potential cardiac complications.
  • Cardiovascular disease affects an estimated 20-30% of infected individuals.
  • North America has a lower incidence but still faces challenges with Chagas disease.

Observation:

  • Chagas disease can lead to severe cardiac morbidity.
  • Surgical intervention is a consideration for managing these cardiac complications.
  • This patient population presents unique surgical challenges.

Findings:

  • A review of existing literature on surgical management of Chagasic cardiomyopathy.
  • Sharing clinical experience in surgical interventions for affected patients.
  • Identifying key considerations for surgical success in this population.

Implications:

  • Improved understanding of surgical options for Chagas disease patients.
  • Potential for better patient outcomes through tailored surgical approaches.
  • Highlights the importance of recognizing and managing cardiac manifestations of Chagas disease.