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Once the aorta traverses the diaphragmatic plane at the aortic hiatus, it is known as the abdominal aorta. This anatomical structure is positioned leftward of the spinal column, encased within a cocoon of adipose tissue behind the peritoneal cavity. It terminates at the L4 vertebra, where it splits into the common iliac arteries. Prior to this bifurcation, the abdominal aorta gives rise to several vital branches.
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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Introduction:
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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Author Spotlight: Quantifying Pain Experience – An Illustrative Approach Using the Pain Body Diagram
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Recurrent Abdominal Pain in Children.

Carin E Reust1, Amy Williams1

  • 1University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.

American Family Physician
|September 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) in children often has no organic cause, but specific symptoms and exam findings warrant further investigation. Management focuses on quality of life, not complete pain resolution.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Gastroenterology
  • Clinical Diagnosis

Background:

  • Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) affects children, with functional causes being most common.
  • Organic causes for RAP are identified in 5-10% of cases, necessitating careful evaluation.
  • Identifying alarm symptoms and physical findings is crucial for determining the need for further workup.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline criteria for further investigation in children with RAP.
  • To differentiate between functional and organic causes of abdominal pain.
  • To guide management strategies for functional abdominal pain.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentation, alarm symptoms, and physical examination findings.
  • Discussion of diagnostic workup including laboratory tests and imaging (e.g., abdominal ultrasonography).

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  • Emphasis on clinical diagnosis for functional abdominal pain.

    • Main Results:

    • Specific alarm symptoms (fever, vomiting, blood in stool) and physical findings (weight loss, organ enlargement) indicate need for workup.
    • Abdominal ultrasonography detects abnormalities in 10% of children with RAP meeting workup criteria.
    • Functional abdominal pain is a clinical diagnosis requiring no specific workup.

    Conclusions:

    • Further investigation for organic causes of RAP is guided by specific clinical red flags.
    • Management of functional abdominal pain prioritizes improving quality of life and reducing disability.
    • Psychological therapies show benefit for functional abdominal pain, while pharmacologic evidence is limited.