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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

274
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
274
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

238
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
238
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

261
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
261
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

217
Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
217
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

255
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
255
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

701
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
701

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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
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Geriatric Assessment: An Office-Based Approach.

Paul E Tatum Iii1, Shaida Talebreza2, Jeanette S Ross3

  • 1University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.

American Family Physician
|September 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Family physicians play a key role in geriatric assessment, evaluating medical, social, and environmental factors for older adults. This comprehensive approach improves quality of life by identifying and intervening in potential health issues.

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatrics
  • Family Medicine
  • Preventive Care

Background:

  • Aging populations necessitate enhanced geriatric assessment skills for family physicians.
  • Geriatric assessment is crucial for evaluating medical, social, and environmental factors impacting older adults' well-being.
  • Key components include functional status, fall risk, medication review, nutrition, cognition, and mood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of geriatric assessment for family physicians.
  • To outline the essential elements of a comprehensive geriatric assessment.
  • To emphasize the role of Medicare Annual Wellness Visits in geriatric care.

Main Methods:

  • Geriatric assessment involves evaluating medical, social, and environmental factors.
  • Utilizes tools like Beers, STOPP, and START criteria for medication review.
  • Incorporates screening for fall risk, depression (PHQ-2), weight loss, and urinary incontinence.
  • Recommends cognitive assessment when impairment is suspected.

Main Results:

  • Comprehensive or rolling geriatric assessment can identify problems impacting quality of life.
  • Efficient assessment can be achieved through patient self-assessment and trained office staff.
  • Specific screening tools and criteria aid in identifying risks and inappropriate medications.

Conclusions:

  • Family physicians must be proficient in geriatric assessment to manage the growing elderly population.
  • Tailoring assessment to patient goals and life expectancy is essential.
  • Geriatric assessment, including immunizations and advance care planning, is vital for optimizing older adults' health and well-being.