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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Gaze in Action: Head-mounted Eye Tracking of Children's Dynamic Visual Attention During Naturalistic Behavior

Gaze in Action: Head-mounted Eye Tracking of Children's Dynamic Visual Attention During Naturalistic Behavior

Published on: November 14, 2018

Eye tracking cognitive load using pupil diameter and microsaccades with fixed gaze.

Krzysztof Krejtz¹, Andrew T Duchowski², Anna Niedzielska¹

¹Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences & Humanities, Warsaw, Poland.

|September 15, 2018

Summary

Pupil diameter and microsaccades effectively indicate cognitive load during mental arithmetic tasks. This study compares these eye-tracking metrics for reliability in assessing task difficulty.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Science
Neuroscience
Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

Cognitive load assessment is crucial for understanding task difficulty and user performance.
Pupillometry and microsaccade analysis are emerging as objective measures of cognitive state.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the efficacy of pupil diameter changes and microsaccade metrics as indicators of cognitive load.
To evaluate the reliability and sensitivity of these eye-tracking measures in response to varying task difficulty.

Main Methods:

Participants performed mental arithmetic tasks of varying difficulty while fixating a central target.
Eye-tracking data captured pupil diameter and microsaccades.
Pupil diameter changes relative to baseline and microsaccade rate/magnitude were analyzed.

Main Results:

Inter-trial changes in pupil diameter demonstrated adequate discrimination of task difficulty.
Microsaccade magnitude also effectively differentiated between easy and difficult tasks.
Both pupillometric and microsaccadic measures showed potential for assessing cognitive load.

Conclusions:

Pupil diameter and microsaccade magnitude are reliable indicators of cognitive load during mental arithmetic.
This study provides the first direct comparison of pupillary and microsaccadic measures for cognitive load assessment.
Findings support the use of eye-tracking metrics for objective evaluation of cognitive effort.