Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Three-Dimensional Force System01:30

Three-Dimensional Force System

2.9K
In mechanical engineering, a three-dimensional force system is a system of forces acting in three dimensions, with forces applied along the x, y, and z coordinate axes. The three-dimensional force system is an important concept in mechanical engineering, as it allows engineers to understand and analyze the behavior of objects and structures in three dimensions. By understanding the forces acting on a system, engineers can design more efficient and effective mechanical systems that can withstand...
2.9K
Two-Dimensional Force System01:20

Two-Dimensional Force System

1.7K
A two-dimensional system in mechanical engineering involves the analysis of motion and forces in a plane. A two-dimensional force vector can be resolved into its components as:
1.7K
Two-Dimensional Force System: Problem Solving01:29

Two-Dimensional Force System: Problem Solving

1.3K
Solving problems related to two-dimensional force systems is an essential aspect of mechanics and engineering. By applying the principles of vector analysis and force equilibrium, one can determine the effect of multiple forces acting on an object in a two-dimensional space.
The first step to solving a two-dimensional force system problem is to draw a free-body diagram of the object under consideration. This diagram helps identify all the external forces acting on the object, including their...
1.3K
Three-Dimensional Force System:Problem Solving01:30

Three-Dimensional Force System:Problem Solving

1.4K
A three-dimensional force system refers to a scenario in which three forces act simultaneously in three different directions. This type of problem is commonly encountered in physics and engineering, where it is necessary to calculate the resultant force on the system, which can then be used to predict or analyze the behavior of the object or structure under consideration.
To solve a three-dimensional force system, first resolve each force into its respective scalar components. Do this using...
1.4K
Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

467
Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
467
Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

453
It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
453

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Tissue turnover and rejuvenation through mechanics.

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology·2026
Same author

Alkali-site lithium doping enables a high-performance Na<sub>3</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)(P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>) cathode for sodium-ion batteries.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026
Same author

Influences of organic nitrogen application ratio on oil content in flue-cured tobacco based on field experiments and a random forest model.

Frontiers in plant science·2026
Same author

Tailoring the electronic structure of cobalt phthalocyanine on BiVO<sub>4</sub><i>via</i> substituent effects for enhancing photoelectrochemical water splitting.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same author

The intermediate filament protein GFAP regulates mitochondrial fission in astrocytes.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Surface mechanics and compressive stress impact mammalian follicle development.

Nature communications·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: Optogenetic Inhibition of Rho1-Mediated Actomyosin Contractility Coupled with Measurement of Epithelial Tension in Drosophila Embryos
12:35

Author Spotlight: Optogenetic Inhibition of Rho1-Mediated Actomyosin Contractility Coupled with Measurement of Epithelial Tension in Drosophila Embryos

Published on: April 14, 2023

1.9K

Three-dimensional forces beyond actomyosin contraction: lessons from fly epithelial deformation.

Zijun Sun1, Yusuke Toyama2

  • 1Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore.

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
|September 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Epithelial cells remodel through actomyosin contractility and other mechanisms like cell protrusions and polarity shifts. These processes drive complex shape changes during development.

More Related Videos

The Mechanics of Poro-Elastic Contractile Actomyosin Networks As a Model System of the Cell Cytoskeleton
08:50

The Mechanics of Poro-Elastic Contractile Actomyosin Networks As a Model System of the Cell Cytoskeleton

Published on: March 10, 2023

1.2K
Force Measurement During Contraction to Assess Muscle Function in Zebrafish Larvae
08:25

Force Measurement During Contraction to Assess Muscle Function in Zebrafish Larvae

Published on: July 23, 2013

16.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: Optogenetic Inhibition of Rho1-Mediated Actomyosin Contractility Coupled with Measurement of Epithelial Tension in Drosophila Embryos
12:35

Author Spotlight: Optogenetic Inhibition of Rho1-Mediated Actomyosin Contractility Coupled with Measurement of Epithelial Tension in Drosophila Embryos

Published on: April 14, 2023

1.9K
The Mechanics of Poro-Elastic Contractile Actomyosin Networks As a Model System of the Cell Cytoskeleton
08:50

The Mechanics of Poro-Elastic Contractile Actomyosin Networks As a Model System of the Cell Cytoskeleton

Published on: March 10, 2023

1.2K
Force Measurement During Contraction to Assess Muscle Function in Zebrafish Larvae
08:25

Force Measurement During Contraction to Assess Muscle Function in Zebrafish Larvae

Published on: July 23, 2013

16.3K

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Epithelial morphogenesis involves complex cell shape changes.
  • Actomyosin contractility at apical junctions is a well-studied driver of these deformations.
  • Emerging evidence suggests non-contractile mechanisms also contribute significantly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review non-contractile mechanisms influencing epithelial cell shape and movement.
  • To explore how these mechanisms contribute to epithelial deformations in Drosophila.
  • To highlight the interplay between various cellular processes in morphogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on epithelial morphogenesis.
  • Focus on mechanisms beyond actomyosin contractility.
  • Analysis of examples from Drosophila epithelia.

Main Results:

  • Identified basolateral cellular protrusions as a key mechanism.
  • Highlighted lateral shifts in cell polarity affecting cell shape.
  • Discussed the role of cytoplasmic flow and cell volume regulation.
  • Examined force transmission between cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesions.

Conclusions:

  • Epithelial morphogenesis is orchestrated by a combination of actomyosin-dependent and independent mechanisms.
  • Non-contractile processes like protrusions, polarity shifts, and force transmission are crucial for 3D epithelial dynamics.
  • Understanding these diverse mechanisms provides a more comprehensive view of developmental processes.