Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Probability Laws01:49

Probability Laws

44.4K
Overview
44.4K
Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

26.5K
A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
26.5K
Lampbrush Chromosomes01:51

Lampbrush Chromosomes

8.7K
In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops...
8.7K
Polytene Chromosomes02:04

Polytene Chromosomes

11.0K
Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...
11.0K
Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

10.7K
Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
10.7K
Probability Distributions01:32

Probability Distributions

12.2K
 The probability of a random variable x  is the likelihood of its occurrence. A probability distribution represents the probabilities of a random variable using a formula, graph, or table. There are two types of probability distribution– discrete probability distribution and continuous probability distribution.
A discrete probability distribution is a probability distribution of discrete random variables. It can be categorized into binomial probability distribution and Poisson...
12.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pulmonary Artery Diameters in Children, Teenagers and Young Adults Derived from Quiescent Interval Slice Selective (QISS) Magnetic Resonance Angiography.

Pediatric cardiology·2026
Same author

Correction: How pain intensity and mental disorders shape chronic pain sick leave and quality of life in the general Spanish population.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Are genetically defined "metapopulations" self-evident in YHRD?

Forensic science international. Genetics·2026
Same author

Autoantibodies to IL-1Ra and PGRN in severe COVID-19 are associated with inflammation-induced hyperphosphorylated antigen isoforms.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

MatchY in practice: Factors influencing pedigree-based Y-STR match probabilities.

Forensic science international. Genetics·2026
Same author

Evaluation of the Prediction Potential of the HIrisPlex-S System in a North German Population.

Genes·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm
07:26

Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm

Published on: May 4, 2020

4.0K

Match probabilities for Y-chromosomal profiles: A paradigm shift.

Amke Caliebe1, Michael Krawczak1

  • 1Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Brunswiker Strasse 10, 24105 Kiel, Germany.

Forensic Science International. Genetics
|September 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Calculating genetic match probabilities is difficult when the suspect population is unclear. This is especially true for Y-chromosomal STR profiles due to potential relatedness, requiring new methods for accurate forensic analysis.

Keywords:
Haplotype frequencyLikelihood ratioRapidly mutating markersShort tandem repeatSuspect population

More Related Videos

New Variations for Strategy Set-shifting in the Rat
09:45

New Variations for Strategy Set-shifting in the Rat

Published on: January 23, 2017

8.6K
A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
10:38

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

14.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 5, 2026

Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm
07:26

Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm

Published on: May 4, 2020

4.0K
New Variations for Strategy Set-shifting in the Rat
09:45

New Variations for Strategy Set-shifting in the Rat

Published on: January 23, 2017

8.6K
A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
10:38

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

14.1K

Area of Science:

  • Forensic genetics
  • Population genetics
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Determining match probabilities for forensic genetic profiles is challenging when the suspect population is not well-defined.
  • The concept of 'suspect population' accounts for potential donors resembling the suspect, including genetic relatives.
  • Autosomal profiles are less affected by relatedness due to marker independence, unlike Y-chromosomal STR profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the challenges in calculating match probabilities for Y-chromosomal STR profiles when relatedness within the suspect population is a factor.
  • To highlight the limitations of existing methods that treat suspect populations as unrelated individuals.
  • To propose future research directions for improving the accuracy of Y-chromosomal profile match probability calculations.

Main Methods:

  • The study discusses the theoretical implications of relatedness on match probabilities for Y-chromosomal STR profiles.
  • It reviews existing methods for calculating match probabilities in forensic genetics.
  • The abstract implies a comparative analysis of different population models (suspect vs. database).

Main Results:

  • Existing methods for Y-chromosomal STR profile match probabilities are anti-conservative, overestimating probabilities by assuming unrelated individuals.
  • Profile identity in Y-chromosomal STRs is common even among related males, making relatedness a critical factor.
  • The true suspect population is often unknown, complicating accurate probability calculations.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate calculation of match probabilities for Y-chromosomal STR profiles is difficult due to the unknown nature of the suspect population and the impact of relatedness.
  • Future research should focus on identifying novel and more mutable Y-chromosomal STRs to potentially lower match probabilities, even for relatives.
  • Developing robust methods that account for relatedness is crucial for reliable forensic DNA analysis.