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piggyBac Transposon System Modification of Primary Human T Cells
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Dual-layer transposon repression in heads of

Marius van den Beek1, Bruno da Silva1, Juliette Pouch2

  • 1Drosophila Genetics and Epigenetics; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biologie du développement - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, 75005 Paris, France.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)
|September 16, 2018
PubMed
Summary

In adult Drosophila, piRNA pathway primarily silences transposable elements (TEs) in gonads, not somatic tissues. A dual-layer model involving Piwi and Dicer-2 provides backup TE repression in adult heads.

Keywords:
DicerpiRNAspiwisiRNAtransposable elements

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Area of Science:

  • * Molecular biology
  • * Genetics
  • * Genomics

Background:

  • * Transposable elements (TEs) pose a threat to genome stability through transposition.
  • * Germline piRNA pathways are crucial for repressing TEs and preventing mutations.
  • * The role of the piRNA pathway in adult somatic tissues remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the presence and function of piRNAs in adult Drosophila melanogaster heads.
  • * To determine the contribution of the piRNA pathway to transposable element repression in somatic tissues.
  • * To elucidate the mechanisms of transposable element silencing in adult Drosophila heads.

Main Methods:

  • * Small RNA sequencing of adult Drosophila melanogaster heads.
  • * Analysis of piRNA-sized molecules and ping-pong activity.
  • * Transcriptome sequencing of wild-type and mutant Drosophila heads (piwi, dicer-2).
  • * Genotyping and molecular assays to confirm genetic manipulations.

Main Results:

  • * Most detected piRNAs in heads originated from gonadal contamination.
  • * Loss of piwi function did not affect low levels of somatic piRNAs.
  • * Significant increase in small interfering RNA (siRNA) levels against TEs observed in piwi mutants.
  • * Transposable element transcripts increased only in piwi, dicer-2 double mutants, not in single mutants.

Conclusions:

  • * A dual-layer model for transposable element repression in adult somatic tissues is proposed.
  • * Piwi-mediated silencing during embryogenesis forms the first layer of TE repression.
  • * Dicer-2-dependent siRNA silencing acts as a backup mechanism for TEs escaping Piwi repression.