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Atomic Structure01:33

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Overview
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In an atom, the negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. In a multielectron atom, electron-electron repulsions are also observed. The attractive and repulsive forces are dependent on the distance between the particles, as well as the sign and magnitude of the charges on the individual particles. When the charges on the particles are opposite, they attract each other. If both particles have the same charge, they repel each other.
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Atoms — and the protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose them — are extremely small. For example, a carbon atom weighs less than 2 × 10−23 g. When describing the properties of tiny objects such as atoms, we use appropriately small units of measure, such as the atomic mass unit (amu). The amu was originally defined based on hydrogen, the lightest element, then later in terms of oxygen. Since 1961, it has been defined with regard to the most abundant isotope of carbon, atoms of which...
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The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
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Spatially dependent atom-photon entanglement.

Zahra Amini Sabegh1,2, Rahim Amiri1, Mohammad Mahmoudi3

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Zanjan, University Blvd., 45371-38791, Zanjan, Iran.

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|September 16, 2018
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Atom-photon entanglement using Laguerre-Gaussian beams in V-type quantum systems is controllable. Orbital angular momentum (OAM) dictates entanglement patterns, enabling applications in quantum information processing.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Optics
  • Quantum Information Science

Background:

  • Atom-photon entanglement is crucial for quantum technologies.
  • Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams offer unique spatial properties for quantum control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate atom-photon entanglement in V-type quantum systems using LG beams.
  • To explore the influence of orbital angular momentum (OAM) on entanglement patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical study of closed-loop three-level V-type quantum systems.
  • Analysis of two schemes: spontaneous emission interference and microwave field application.
  • Numerical simulations of entanglement generation using LG beams with varying OAM.

Main Results:

  • Atom-photon entanglement depends on the intensity profile and OAM of applied fields.
  • Spatially dependent entanglement patterns are generated by LG beams with different OAMs.
  • Entanglement is absent at the center of optical vortex beams due to zero intensity.

Conclusions:

  • OAM of applied fields provides control over atom-photon entanglement in atomic vapor cells.
  • The number of entanglement peaks correlates with the OAM of the applied fields.
  • OAM's role in spatially dependent entanglement suggests applications in high-dimensional quantum information processing and data storage.