Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 5, 2026

The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress
Published on: October 19, 2011
Stress coping styles in firemen exposed to severe stress
Magdalena Witt1, Bogusław Stelcer2, Marta Czarnecka-Iwańczuk3
1Zakład Ratownictwa i Medycyny Katastrof, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu.
Objectives:
Emergency service workers such as firemen are exposed to severe stress, which may result in deteriorated functioning and development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The aim of the presented study was to assess the stress coping styles of firemen exposed to severe stress, the prevalence of PTSD symptoms, and the correlation between them.
Methods:
The study was carried out in a group of 147 Polish firemen. Two questionnaires were used: the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) and the PTSD Interview (PTSD-I) in the Polish language version (K-PTSD).
Results:
The study was carried out in a group of 147 Polish firemen. Two questionnaires were used: the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) and the PTSD Interview (PTSD-I) in the Polish language version (K-PTSD).
Conclusions:
Nearly one third of the investigated group of firemen suffered from symptoms of PTSD, with the stress coping strategy most often observed in that subgroup being style focused on avoidance. Age proved to be a factor associated with the readiness to undertake behavioral measures to cope with stress tension; such behavior tends to be undertaken by older firemen.
Related Concept Videos
Responses to Salt Stress
Responses to Heat and Cold Stress
Stress
General State of Stress
Specifically, consider a tetrahedral element where one face, labeled XYZ, is perpendicular to the line OA, and the remaining faces align with the coordinate axes with point O as the origin. At any point, such as point O, the stress tensor can be used to determine the stress...
Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques II
Type A Personality: Driven and Easily Stressed
Individuals with Type A personalities are often highly competitive and ambitious and operate with a strong sense of urgency. Commonly labeled as...
Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques I
Conscientiousness
Conscientious individuals tend to be organized, responsible, and disciplined. They prioritize completing tasks and following structured routines,...

